Abstract: An electric vehicle including a battery including a plurality of battery cells and a plurality of thermal control panels interleaved with the plurality of battery cells to form a battery stack, each thermal control panel including walls defining at least one fluid channel. At least one retention element applies a retention pressure to the battery stack to compress the plurality of battery cells and plurality of thermal control panels of the battery stack, the walls of the thermal panels being under compression by a stack pressure including at least the retention pressure. A pump circulates a thermal transfer fluid through the at least one fluid channel of each thermal panel, the pump to create a fluid pressure within the at least one fluid channel of each thermal panel that is greater than or equal to the stack pressure.

Abstract: In one aspect, an electric vehicle comprises a plurality of battery modules, each of the battery modules having a respective coolant inlet, a coolant source, and a coolant inlet manifold configured to supply coolant from the coolant source to each of the plurality of coolant inlets in parallel. The manifold includes a coolant supply conduit, a plurality of branch conduits branching from the coolant supply conduit, and a plurality of flow restrictors. Each of the branch conduits is fluidically coupled to the coolant inlet of an associated respective one of the battery modules. Each of the flow restrictors restricts coolant flow to a respective subset of the branch conduits. In another aspect, the manifold includes a primary conduit, a plurality of secondary conduits branching from the primary conduit, and for each of the secondary conduits, a plurality of tertiary conduits branching from the secondary conduit.