Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell module that includes a solar cell based on a semiconductor substrate with front and rear surfaces, includes—fabricating a solar cell from the substrate, and—depositing on at least the rear surface a coating layer. The deposition step includes applying a coating powder on at least the rear surface, forming an adhered powder layer on said surface. The method includes after the deposition step: performing a first annealing process on the solar cell module for transforming the adhered powder layer in a pre-annealed coating layer. Further the method includes—creating open contacting areas on the solar cell by removal of the adhered powder layer at locations of contacting areas on the solar cell , wherein the removal precedes the first annealing process, or by masking contacting areas on the solar cell 1, wherein the masking precedes the deposition step.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly includes a reactor constructed from a ion-permeable membrane between a cathode space and an anode space. The membrane includes an extended membrane area which extends outside of the area of the cathode and anode spaces. A carrier layer is attached to and supports the membrane extended area, and the carrier layer is arranged with an integrated circuit adjacent to the fuel cell.