Abstract: A method of transmitting in a synchronous hierarchic network system data is provided using at least a path segment between a first network element (A) and at least a second network element (F) on which a tandem connection monitoring (TC) method is established for monitoring information over the path segment. The method includes suppressing the insertion of all ones caused by the out of multiframe state subsequent to an interruption, distortion or switching operation of the signal transmission path for a predefined time interval.

Abstract: According to the invention a synchronous hierarchic network system and a method of transmitting data are disclosed using at least a path segment between a first network element and at least a second network element on which a tandem connection monitoring method is established for monitoring information over said path segment, and means for minimizing the signal interruption due to a loss of multiframe alignment subsequent to an interruption, distortion or switching operation of the signal transmission path.

Abstract: A method is described for transporting information in frames comprising header and payload information from a first network to a second network via a third network. The first and second networks are commonly managed but are independent of management of the third network. Network nodes generate respective headers for each outgoing frame from the node but completely copies payload from an incoming frame to the outgoing frames. Upon crossing a first boundary between the first and third networks, only a first part of the header is copied into the payload such that a reduced size header in the third network fits into space that would otherwise be occupied by a second part of the header that is not copied into the payload. Upon crossing a second boundary between the third and second networks, the headers are retrieved from the payload and used to generate header information in the second network.

Abstract: The delineation and quick invocation of protection switching is achieved by generating a protection indicator having an initial state at the point that a transmission facility failure is detected and passing the indicator downstream. A switch that receives the indicator either increments or decrements the indicator in accordance with predetermined rules. However, a switch that receives the indicator when it reaches an active state immediately invokes protection switching if that switch is at the sink end of an associated protection path.