Abstract: A method for preparing a carbonate overbased calcium sulfonate, which method comprises the steps of:(1) forming an initial mixture of a lower molecular weight alkanol, an alkyl or alkaryl substituted sulfonic acid or sulfonate compound, a diluent and a solvent; (2) adding a basic calcium compound to the initial mixture to form a second mixture in which the amount of added calcium is at least about ten times the amount necessary to form a neutral calcium sulfonate; (3) heating the second mixture to reflux temperature; (4) carbonating the second mixture at said reflux temperature to form a carbonated product while simultaneously and continuously removing water produced by the carbonation reaction; (5) after carbonation is stopped, heating the carbonated product to an elevated temperature sufficient to remove the alkanol; and (6) removing solids and solvent from the carbonated product.

Abstract: A method of preparing a carbonate overbased alkali metal sulfonate, which method comprises: (1) forming a reaction mixture of an alkali metal compound, a lower molecular weight akanol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a diluent, a solvent, and a sulfonate compound; (2) heating said reaction mixture to a temperature of a least 140.degree. C. (220.degree. F.) for a period of time that is sufficient to remove essentially all of said alakanol as overhead and to obtain a heated mixture and replacing the solvent that is removed along with said alkanol; (3) carbonating said heated mixture at a temperature of at least 140.degree. C. (220.degree. F.) to form a carbonated product comprising said overbased alkali metal sulfonate while removing water of reaction as overhead as it is formed; (4) after carbonation, heating said carbonated product to a temperature that is within the range of about 116.degree.0 C. (240.degree. F.) to about 117.degree. C. (350.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for incorporating molybdenum into overbased alkaline earth metal and alkali metal sulfonates, phenates and salicylates. The incorporation is a post addition of molybdenum into a previously prepared overbased composition. The resulting composition containing molybdenum is gel-free, haze-free, precipitate-free, has a reproducible Total Base Number (TBN) and is commercially acceptable for use in lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: A metal-containing lubricant composition containing an overbased copper metal-containing compound is disclosed which improves high speed, high temperature operation of gasoline and diesel engines. The overbased copper metal-containing compound acts as a dispersant/detergent and oxidation and corrosion inhibitor and avoids the acceleration of wear rates typical of many copper compounds.

Abstract: A metal-containing lubricant composition containing a copper overbased metal-containing composition is disclosed which improves high speed, high temperature operation of gasoline and diesel engines. The copper overbased metal-containing composition acts as a dispersant/detergent and oxidation and corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: The process comprises in sequence the following steps: (a) introducing into a reaction zone a sulfonic acid comprising a neutral ammonium sulfonate; (b) adding to and mixing with said sulfonic acid a substantially inert diluent, an alkaline earth metal compound, water, and an alkanol to form a hydration mixture; (c) heating said hydration mixture at an elevated temperature to hydrate said alkaline earth metal compound; (d) adding a molybdenum-containing compound to said reaction zone at a time during the period beginning after the introduction of said sulfonic acid and extending through said refluxing of said hydration mixture; and (e) adding an acidic material to said reaction zone at a temperature within the range of about 26.7.degree. C. (80.degree. F.) to about 68.5.degree. C. (155.degree. F.) to form a molybdenum-alkaline earth metal sulfonate dispersion.

Abstract: Lubricating oil composition comprising the reaction product of (a) molybdenum sulfonate, which is the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl sulfonic acid compound and molybdenum halide, and (b) sulfur or a sulfur-yielding compound. Preferably, an alkyl sulfonic acid having from 8-200 carbon atoms in the alkyl group is reacted with molybdenum pentachloride, and the molybdenum sulfonate resulting therefrom is sulfurized to produce the reaction product of the invention.

Abstract: Anti-friction additives for lubricating oil are prepared by reacting a sulfurized organic compound having an active hydrogen or potentially active hydrogen with a molybdenum halide. The resulting product has friction reducing properties at least as good as currently available phosphorus-containing additives.

Abstract: Lubricating oil composition comprising the reaction product of a phenolic compound, a molybdenum, an amine and sulfur or a sulfur-yielding compound. Preferably, molybdenum oxide, an alkyl-substituted phenol having an alkyl side chain of at least 9 carbon atoms, an amine having at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon-based radical or aliphatic-substituted aromatic radical and elemental sulfur are reacted to produce the reaction product of the invention.

Abstract: Overbased magnesium phenate compositions are prepared by reacting magnesium oxide in a diluent with: (1) a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol and/or a sulfurized hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, (2) an ammonium sulfonate, (3) a monohydric alcohol of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and (4) water; removing the alcohol; and treating the resulting material with carbon dioxide.