Abstract: Quantum processors are provided. A first plurality of neutral atoms is provided in an active zone, each in a respective optical trap of a first array. A first logical qubit is encoded into the first plurality of neutral atoms by first and second lasers. The first plurality of neutral atoms is illuminated while in the active zone by at least the first or second laser, thereby applying a gate to the first logical qubit. The first plurality of neutral atoms is adiabatically moved from the active zone to a readout zone, each to a respective optical trap of a second array. The first plurality of neutral atoms is illuminated while in the readout zone by a third laser. An image of the first plurality of neutral atoms is captures while in the readout zone, thereby determining the state of the first logical qubit.