Abstract: An in vitro method is disclosed for detecting an antibody to p53 (anti-p53 antibody) in a sample, the method comprising: incubating a sample to be analyzed with a p53 capture antigen and a p53 detection antigen, whereby a complex comprising the p53 capture antigen, the anti-p53 antibody and the p53 detection antigen is formed, separating the complex formed from unbound detection antigen and measuring the complex obtained via the detection antigen comprised therein, thereby detecting the anti-p53 antibody comprised in the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing a fluid includes a dispensing chamber coupled to a dispensing orifice and a fluid reservoir. The dispensing chamber is coupled to a transducer which is adapted to change the volume of the dispensing chamber in response to a signal applied to the transducer. The signal is characterized by 1) an initial rise time RT1 during which an increasing amplitude signal is applied to the transducer to gradually expand the dispensing chamber from a first volume at a first amplitude to a second volume at a second amplitude; 2) a fall time FT during which a decreasing amplitude signal is applied to the transducer to contract or compress the dispensing chamber rapidly (relative to the initial rise time RT1) to a third volume at third amplitude; 3) a final rise time RT2 during which an increasing amplitude signal is applied to the transducer to gradually expand the dispensing chamber to a fourth volume at a fourth amplitude.