Abstract: A method of executing a request to an industrial control system, which runs in a protected domain and is configured to control one or more field devices. Each step of the method is to be executed on processing resources of a cloud domain (CD), an edge domain (ED) or the protected domain. According to the first aspect, a step of receiving, from a client, a message with a request containing logical actions and a step of authenticating the client are performed using CD resources. Next, a step of initiating a verification of the message and a step of checking whether the authenticated client is authorized to perform the logical actions are performed using ED resources. Then, a step of mapping the logical actions to physical actions and a step where the industrial control system is caused to execute the physical actions are performed using resources in the protected domain.

Abstract: A method to provide access to Aspects of Aspect Objects from a standard web browser. A web browser sends a request of access to a certain Aspect of an Aspect Object. The request includes a URL address. The URL address specifies the Aspect, the Aspect Object. The method enables the use of thin clients to access Aspects of Aspect Objects representing functions of real world objects connected to a control system.

Abstract: A look-up function and query capability of aspects associated with aspect objects is enabled in a client device. A web client application, such as a web browser, executes in the client device. The aspects are associated with functions of real world objects such as pumps, motors, mixing units, compressors, conveyors, transformers or switchgears. The client device does not need to be pre-loaded with any specific software relating to a control system other than the web browser.

Abstract: A method and an alarm processing system for deciding what alarm, out of a number of alarms generated in an industrial plant or process, to present to a system operator. The method includes creating hiding rules, associating each hiding rule with a real-world object, storing these rules in a storage means, receiving an alarm related to a real-world object, determining if a hiding rule is associated with the real-world object evaluating the hiding rule, deciding from the hiding rule whether to present or hide the alarm, selectively and actively hide such alarms that are decided to be hidden and not presenting the alarm to the system operator. The invention also includes an alarm processing system and a computer program for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method and an alarm processing system for deciding what alarm, out of a number of alarms generated in an industrial plant or process, to present to a system operator. The method includes creating hiding rules, associating each hiding rule with a real-world object, storing these rules in a storage means, receiving an alarm related to a real-world object, determining if a hiding rule is associated with the real-world object evaluating the hiding rule, deciding from the hiding rule whether to present or hide the alarm, selectively and actively hide such alarms that are decided to be hidden and not presenting the alarm to the system operator. The invention also includes an alarm processing system and a computer program for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method to provide access to Aspects of Aspect Objects from a standard web browser. A web browser sends a request of access to a certain Aspect of an Aspect Object. The request includes a URL address. The URL address specifies the Aspect, the Aspect Object. The method enables the use of thin clients to access Aspects of Aspect Objects representing functions of real world objects connected to a control system.

Abstract: A look-up function and query capability of aspects associated with aspect objects is enabled in a client device. A web client application, such as a web browser, executes in the client device. The aspects are associated with functions of real world objects such as pumps, motors, mixing units, compressors, conveyors, transformers or switchgears. The client device does not need to be pre-loaded with any specific software relating to a control system other than the web browser.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for charging a so-called heating washer (heating cushion) (10) with heat energy to be liberated at a chosen point of time through activating the heating washer (10) when the same e.g. has been placed on stiff/tender musculature. According to the invention, the heating washer is steamed, either one or more at a time, in a steam chamber positioned above a water chamber in a steam cooking apparatus (30), wherein the water chamber is separated from the overlying steam chamber by means of a horizontally directed partition plate (34), fluid communication being maintained between the chambers. The charging of the heating washer (10) by means of steam prevents that the heating washers are damaged in the way that may happen when boiled in water.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for charging a so-called heating washer (heating cushion) (10) with heat energy to be liberated at a chosen point of time through activating the heating washer (10) when the same e.g. has been placed on stiff/tender musculature. According to the invention, the heating washer is steamed, either one or more at a time, in a steam chamber positioned above a water chamber in a steam cooking apparatus (30), wherein the water chamber is separated from the overlying steam chamber by means of a horizontally directed partition plate (34), fluid communication being maintained between the chambers. The charging of the heating washer (10) by means of steam prevents that the heating washers are damaged in the way that may happen when boiled in water.

Abstract: A heat exchanger and a fluidized bed combustion system and method utilizing same in which the heat exchanger includes a plurality of stacked sections. The sections include an inlet section for receiving the particles and a plurality of stacked sections and are arranged in such a manner that the particles are introduced into an upper level of the sections and pass through these sections to a lower level of sections before returning to the furnace. A portion of the stacked sections contain heat exchange surfaces for removing heat from the particles, and a multi-sectioned outlet compartment is provided to receive the separated particles from the heat exchange sections and directly from the inlet section and pass the particles back to the furnace.