Abstract: A damper filled with a damping medium in use comprising an inner tube; a movable assembly comprising a piston assembly and a piston rod attached to said piston assembly, said movable assembly being slidably disposed within the inner tube, the movable assembly defining a first working chamber and a second working chamber within the inner tube, the piston rod being disposed in the second working chamber; an end member disposed at an end of the inner tube, the end member having an inner surface facing towards the first working chamber; an actuated valve assembly being provided in the end member, said valve assembly being configured to control a damping medium flow entering or exiting the first working chamber, wherein the movable assembly comprises a stem assembly, said stem assembly being slidably connected to and partially embedded in said movable assembly.

Abstract: A vehicle shock absorber generates an additional counter-force acting counter to the direction of movement near the limit position of movement. The shock absorber substantially comprises a damping medium-filled damping cylinder that is divided into two damping chambers by a main piston. The main piston is axially moveable relative to the damping cylinder and is attached to a piston rod. A second piston/damping piston that contains one or more first and second through-ducts is mounted to the piston rod. The ducts are defined by first and second flow-limiting devices such as multiple thin washers. The damping piston slides in a restricting space located in the damping cylinder. The restricting space has an inside diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the damping cylinder. The additional counter-force is substantially constant throughout the entire stroke in order to create gentle braking of the damping movement.

Abstract: A shock absorber comprises a damping cylinder pressurized by a system pressure and divided by a piston into a compression chamber and a return chamber. A resilient device is disposed in the return chamber. The resilient device comprises a pressurizing member or pressurizing medium disposed in an inner volume that is delimited from the return chamber. The resilient device acts upon the damping medium volume in the return chamber such that the pressure initially during a compression stroke does not fall below a predetermined minimum pressure. As long as the pressure in the return chamber is less than the pressure created by the resilient device, the device is able to absorb energy. When the pressure in the return chamber is greater than the pressure created by the resilient device, the device becomes inflexible. The resilient device compensates for pressure reduction in the return chamber that occurs under rapid damping movements and that can cause cavitation during a compression stroke.

Abstract: A vehicle shock absorber generates an additional counter-force acting counter to the direction of movement near the limit position of movement. The shock absorber substantially comprises a damping medium-filled damping cylinder that is divided into two damping chambers by a main piston. The main piston is axially moveable relative to the damping cylinder and is attached to a piston rod. A second piston/damping piston that contains one or more first and second through-ducts is mounted to the piston rod. The ducts are defined by first and second flow-limiting devices such as multiple thin washers. The damping piston slides in a restricting space located in the damping cylinder. The restricting space has an inside diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the damping cylinder. The additional counter-force is substantially constant throughout the entire stroke in order to create gentle braking of the damping movement.

Abstract: A shock absorber comprises a damping cylinder pressurized by a system pressure and divided by a piston into a compression chamber and a return chamber. A resilient device is disposed in the return chamber. The resilient device comprises a pressurizing member or pressurizing medium disposed in an inner volume that is delimited from the return chamber. The resilient device acts upon the damping medium volume in the return chamber such that the pressure initially during a compression stroke does not fall below a predetermined minimum pressure. As long as the pressure in the return chamber is less than the pressure created by the resilient device, the device is able to absorb energy. When the pressure in the return chamber is greater than the pressure created by the resilient device, the device becomes inflexible. The resilient device compensates for pressure reduction in the return chamber that occurs under rapid damping movements and that can cause cavitation during a compression stroke.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of hydraulic shock absorbers, including a damping arrangement that includes a cavity and an elastomeric member received in the cavity which cooperates with the fluid chamber so as to permit small degrees of relatively undamped fluid flow to improve road holding.

Abstract: A shock absorbing system wherein arrangements are provided for altering the hysteresis effects of the fluid utilized so as to obtain desired damping curves. Particularly, by employing different hysteresis effects it is possible to obtain larger damping forces at the end of the piston stroke. The hysteresis effect can be altered by changing the effective area of the shock absorber piston by controlling the flow paths between the piston chambers and an accumulator chamber and the pressures necessary to open these flow paths. In addition, by employing selectively openable variable volume chambers and variable pressure accumulator chambers, further changes in the hysteresis effect can be accomplished.

Abstract: Several embodiments of suspension systems for vehicle wheels arranged in pairs and having paired shock absorbers. The shock absorbers are interrelated in such a way that they provide a first degree of damping during certain kinds of suspension loadings and a second, different rate of damping in response to inertial conditions on the vehicle. Various control systems are disclosed.

Abstract: An adjustable shock absorber is provided having means for adjusting the damping curves and breakover characteristics of the shock absorber while the shock absorber is installed in a vehicle. The shock absorber has a generally elongated cylindrical body defined by concentrically mounted inner and outer cylinders. A pair of end caps mounted on the ends of the inner and outer cylinders retain a working medium therein. Disposed within the elongated inner cylinder is a movable piston defining upper and lower chambers. Working medium is transportable between the upper and lower chambers via an annular passage formed between the inner and outer cylinders. A plurality of adjustable valves are disposed in the path of transportation of the working medium for providing an adjustable damping function.