Abstract: A package, for holding cigarettes, including an open top side, a bottom panel and four side panels. The package includes an expandable pocket for extinguishing, storing and disposing cigarette butts. The expandable pocket is formed by a sheet of a heat resistant, non-combustible material. The expandable pocket is configured to be arranged in a folded configuration wherein the expandable pocket is substantially flat, and an unfolded configuration. The expandable pocket including a first side surface and a second opposing side surface. The first and second side surfaces are interconnected by interconnecting walls. The first side surface is substantially flat and at least partly attached to an inner side of one of the four side panels being a first side panel. A pocket opening is configured to provide access to an interior of the pocket. A tab is configured to reversibly close the pocket opening.

Abstract: In a network authentication method, a client device stores a reference first private key portion obtained by encrypting a first private key portion of a private key. The private key and a public key cooperatively constitute an a symmetric key pair. After receipt of a second private key portion of the private key, the client device generates a digital signature for transaction data using a current key which combines the second private key portion and a current key portion obtained by decrypting the reference first private key portion. A verification server verifies, based on the public key, whether a received digital signature is signed with the private key, and obtains the transaction data when verification result is affirmative.

Abstract: In a network authentication method, a client device stores a reference first private key portion obtained by encrypting a first private key portion of a private key. The private key and a public key cooperatively constitute an a symmetric key pair. After receipt of a second private key portion of the private key, the client device generates a digital signature for transaction data using a current key which combines the second private key portion and a current key potion obtained by decrypting the reference first private key portion. A verification server verifies, based on the public key, whether a received digital signature is signed with the private key, and obtains the transaction, data when verification result is affirmative.

Abstract: In a network authentication method, a client device stores a certificate reference mapped uniquely to a certificate, which is assigned to an end user, and a reference private key obtained by encrypting a private key with a PIN code determined by the end user. The client device generates a digital signature for transaction data associated with the certification reference using a current key that is obtained by decrypting the reference private key with a user input code obtained through an input operation. A verification server verifies, based on a public key of a stored certificate, whether a received digital signature is signed with the private key, and obtains from the digital signature the transaction data when verification result is affirmative.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention comprises a method of operating a network for providing services to subscribers, the network including a configuration system comprising: a core system comprising primary and secondary cores, each core being separately capable of controlling operation of the system; at least one cell connected to the core system; and at least one network element connected to the cell, each network element supporting a number of subscribers for provision of the services; the method comprising: operating the configuration system using the primary core; monitoring operation of the primary core for a failure event preventing the primary core from properly controlling operation of the configuration system; on detection of a failure event, transferring control of operation of the configuration system to the secondary core; following correction of the failure event such that the primary core again becomes capable of properly controlling operation of the configuration system, configuring the secondary core

Abstract: One aspect of the invention comprises a method of operating a network for providing services to subscribers, the network including a configuration system comprising: a core system comprising primary and secondary cores, each core being separately capable of controlling operation of the system; at least one cell connected to the core system; and at least one network element connected to the cell, each network element supporting a number of subscribers for provision of the services; the method comprising: operating the configuration system using the primary core; monitoring operation of the primary core for a failure event preventing the primary core from properly controlling operation of the configuration system; on detection of a failure event, transferring control of operation of the configuration system to the secondary core; following correction of the failure event such that the primary core again becomes capable of properly controlling operation of the configuration system, configuring the secondary core

Abstract: A method of configuring a network comprising: creating, in the configuration system core, an overall configuration tree that describes all services available to the subscribers; and the location of each individual subscriber in the network and the particular services to which it subscribes; providing each cell with a local configuration tree comprising that part of the overall configuration tree that describes all services available to the subscribers connected to network elements in that cell; and the location of each individual subscriber in that cell and the particular services to which it subscribes; and configuring each network element according to the local configuration tree in its respective cell.

Abstract: The invention provides an arrangement and a method with dynamic port configuration of network equipment for communication in a broadband network. A central managing database in connection with a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server is keeping templates with recordings of network equipment parameters for their physical port settings and deployed services. Hence, enabling dynamic updating of port settings by conveying parameter recordings from the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server. The parameter settings are updated in the intermediate means.