Abstract: An electrode (10) is disclosed. The electrode (10) comprises an electrode substrate (20). A layer of TiOx (30, 40) with a total thickness in the range of between 40-200 ?m is present on at least one surface of the electrode substrate (20) and a porosity of layer of TiOx (30, 40) is below 15%. An electro-catalytic layer (50) comprising oxides of ruthenium and cerium according comprising at least 50 molar % ruthenium oxides is present on layer of TiOx (30, 40) and wherein x is in the range 1-2 for the layer of TiOx. A process for the manufacture of the electrode (10) is disclosed as are uses thereof.

Abstract: An electrode (10) is disclosed in which a first layer (30) of TiOx with a porosity in the range 0-3% is present on at least one surface of an electrode substrate (20), a second layer (40) of TiOx with a porosity of greater than 3 and up to 20% is present on the first layer (30) of TiOx. An electro-catalytic layer (50) is present on the second layer (40) of TiOx. x is in the range 1-2 for the first (30) and second layer (40) of TiOx. A process for the manufacture of the electrode (10) is disclosed as are uses thereof.

Abstract: An electrode (10) is disclosed. The electrode (10) comprises an electrode substrate (20). A layer of TiOx (30, 40) with a total thickness in the range of between 40-200 ?m is present on at least one surface of the electrode substrate (20) and a porosity of layer of TiOx (30, 40) is below 15%. An electro-catalytic layer (50) comprising oxides of ruthenium and cerium according comprising at least 50 molar % ruthenium oxides is present on layer of TiOx (30, 40) and wherein x is in the range 1-2 for the layer of TiOx. A process for the manufacture of the electrode (10) is disclosed as are uses thereof.

Abstract: An electrode (10) is disclosed in which a first layer (30) of TiOx with a porosity in the range 0-3% is present on at least one surface of an electrode substrate (20), a second layer (40) of TiOx with a porosity of greater than 3 and up to 20% is present on the first layer (30) of TiOx. An electro-catalytic layer (50) is present on the second layer (40) of TiOx. x is in the range 1-2 for the first (30) and second layer (40) of TiOx. A process for the manufacture of the electrode (10) is disclosed as are uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of alkali metal chlorate, and to a method of activating a cathode comprising electrolyzing an electrolyte comprising alkali metal chloride in an electrolytic cell in which at least one anode and at least one cathode are arranged wherein a) said electrolyte comprises chromium in any form in an amount ranging from about 0.01-10?6 to about 500-10?6 mol/dm3 b) said electrolyte comprises molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, manganese and/or mixtures thereof in any form in a total amount ranging from about 0.1-10?6 mol/dm3 to about 0.5-10?3 mol/dm3.

Abstract: A process for producing alkali metal chlorate that includes introducing an electrolyte solution containing alkali metal halide and alkali metal chlorate to an electrolytic cell, electrolyzing the electrolyte solution to produce an electrolyzed chlorate solution, transferring the electrolyzed chlorate solution to a chlorate reactor to produce a more concentrated alkali metal chlorate, wherein the electrolytic cell is a non-divided electrolytic cell that includes: at least one anode or at least one cathode that includes an electrode substrate comprising M(n+1)AXn, where M is a metal of group IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB or VIII of the periodic table of elements or a combination thereof, A is an element of group IIIA, IVA, VA or VIA of the periodic table of elements or a combination thereof, X is carbon, nitrogen or a combination thereof, where n is 1, 2, or 3; and an outlet for transferring electrolyzed solution to the chlorate reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of alkali metal chlorate, and to a method of activating a cathode comprising electrolyzing an electrolyte comprising alkali metal chloride in an electrolytic cell in which at least one anode and at least one cathode are arranged wherein a) said electrolyte comprises chromium in any form in an amount ranging from about 0.01-10?6 to about 500-10?6 mol/dm3 b) said electrolyte comprises molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, manganese and/or mixtures thereof in any form in a total amount ranging from about 0.1-10?6 mol/dm3 to about 0.5-10?3 mol/dm3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of alkali metal chlorate comprising: providing an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode in separate anode and cathode compartments; contacting the cathode with an electrolyte comprising at least one organic mediator and one or more organic or mineral acids; reacting the organic mediator at the cathode to form at least one reduced form of the mediator; reacting the at least one reduced form of the mediator with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide; contacting the anode with an anolyte comprising alkali metal chloride; reacting chloride at the anode to form chlorine that is hydrolyzed; and, reacting the hydrolyzed chlorine to form chlorate.

Abstract: An electrode substrate comprising M(n+1)AXn, where M is a metal of group IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB or VIII of the periodic table of elements or a combination thereof, A is an element of group IIIA, IVA, VA or VIA of the periodic table of elements or a combination thereof, X is carbon, nitrogen or a combination thereof, where n is 1, 2, or 3; and b) an electrocatalytic coating deposited on said electrode substrate, said coating being selected from at least one of b.1) a metal oxide and/or metal sulfide comprising ByC(1?y)Oz1Sz2, wherein B is at least one of ruthenium, platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium, and cobalt, C is at least one valve metal, y is 0.4-0.9, 0<=z1, z2<=2 and z1+z2=2; b.2) a metal oxide comprising BfCgDhEi, wherein B is at least one of ruthenium, platinum, rhodium, palladium, and cobalt, C is at least one valve metal, D is iridium, E is Mo and/or W, wherein f is 0-0.25 or 0.35-1, g is 0-1, h is 0-1, i is 0-1, wherein f+g+h+i=1; b.3) at least one noble metal; b.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of hydrogen peroxide comprising: providing an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode; contacting the cathode with an electrolyte comprising at least one organic mediator dissolved in an at least partially organic continuous liquid phase comprising an at least partially organic salt and a neutral co-solvent, said salt comprising at least one kind of organic cation and/or organic anion, said continuous liquid phase having an electrical conductivity under process conditions of at least about 0.1 S/m; reacting the organic mediator at the cathode to form at least one reduced form of the mediator; and, reacting the at least one reduced form of the mediator with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of alkali metal chlorate comprising: providing an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode in separate anode and cathode compartments; contacting the cathode with an electrolyte comprising at least one organic mediator and one or more organic or mineral acids; reacting the organic mediator at the cathode to form at least one reduced form of the mediator; reacting the at least one reduced form of the mediator with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide; contacting the anode with an anolyte comprising alkali metal chloride; reacting chloride at the anode to form chlorine that is hydrolysed; and, reacting the hydrolysed chlorine to form chlorate.