Abstract: A system and method of coordinated motion among heterogeneous devices includes a medical device with one or more movable elements and one or more processors. Any of the processors uses a shared interface to access services. The medical device requests a movement token from a token service through the shared interface, receive the movement token from the token service, exchange configuration data, kinematic data, or planned motion data through the shared interface, plan a first motion for a first movable element of the movable elements based on the movement token and the configuration data, the kinematic data, or the planned motion data, and execute the first motion. In some embodiments, the movement token is selected from a group consisting of an exclusive-motion token, a master follow-me token, a slave follow-me token, a master collision-avoidance token, a slave collision-avoidance token, and a passive collision-avoidance token.

Abstract: A surgical robotic system comprises a manipulator assembly including a distal portion and a registration device mounted to a surgical table for establishing a spatial relationship between the manipulator assembly and the surgical table. The surgical table is separated from the manipulator assembly. The registration device includes a registration element shaped to contact with the distal portion of the manipulator assembly to define the spatial relationship between the manipulator assembly and the surgical table. The surgical robotic system also includes a control system for determining the spatial relationship between the manipulator assembly and the surgical table.

Abstract: A system and method of aggregating logs for replay includes a processor configured to execute a replay service. The replay service is configured to access a plurality of logs, aggregate the plurality of logs to create a composite log, extract a first log entry from the composite log, recreate a service request based on information associated with the first log entry, and send the service request to a corresponding service to recreate an event associated with the first log entry. In some embodiments, to aggregate the plurality of logs to create the composite log, the replay service is configured to aggregate a first entry from a first log of the plurality of logs with a corresponding related second entry from a second log of the plurality of logs to create a composite entry for the composite log.

Abstract: A system and method of registration between devices includes a tracking system and a controller. The system is configured to couple to a first device and a second arm separate from the first device. The first device has a first arm configured to couple to a manipulatable device. The second arm is configured to couple to an imaging device. The controller is configured to determine, based on tracking data from the tracking system, a first pose of the first arm and a second pose of the second arm; send a movement command to the second arm that directs the second arm to move into a third pose while maintaining a safety margin between the first and second arms. In the third pose the imaging device can capture an image of at least a portion of the manipulatable device. The movement command is based on the first and second poses.

Abstract: A system and method of logging and replay among heterogeneous devices includes one or more shared services including a replay service, a processor for executing the shared services, and a shared interface for providing access to the shared services. The replay service selects one or more logs for playback, emulates one or more playback devices, each of the playback devices being associated with a respective one of the logs, extracts one or more log entries from each of the logs, recreates one or more recreated service requests for the one or more shared services based on information associated with each of the log entries, and initiates the recreated service requests. In some embodiments, the system and method further include a logging service to create new log entries based on new service requests, associate the new log entries with a corresponding timestamp, and record the new log entries.

Abstract: A system and method for movement control includes a controller coupled to a computer-assisted surgical device having a first movable arm coupled to a manipulatable device having a working end and a second movable arm coupled to an image capturing device. The controller is configured to receive first configurations for the first movable arm; receive second configurations for the second movable arm; receive a plurality of images of the working end from the image capturing device; determine a position and an orientation of the working end; determine a first movable arm position and trajectory for the first movable arm; determine a second movable arm position and trajectory for the second movable arm; determine whether motion of the movable arms will result in an undesirable relationship between the movable arms; and send a movement command to the first or second movable arm to avoid the undesirable relationship.

Abstract: A system and method of dynamic virtual collision objects includes a control unit for a medical device. The control unit includes one or more processors and an interface coupling the control unit to the medical device. The control unit is configured to determine a position of a first movable segment of the medical device, a volume occupied by the first movable segment being approximated by one or more first virtual collision objects (VCOs); adjust, based on the position and motion goals for the medical device, one or more properties of the first VCOs; determine, based on the position and the properties, first geometries of the first VCOs; receive second geometries of one or more second VCOs associated with a second segment of a second device; determine relationships between the first VCOs and the second VCOs; and adjust, based on the relationships, a motion plan for the medical device.

Abstract: A system and method of dynamic virtual collision objects includes a control unit for a medical device. The control unit includes one or more processors and an interface coupling the control unit to the medical device. The control unit is configured to determine a position of a first movable segment of the medical device, a volume occupied by the first movable segment being approximated by one or more first virtual collision objects (VCOs); adjust, based on the position and motion goals for the medical device, one or more properties of the first VCOs; determine, based on the position and the properties, first geometries of the first VCOs; receive second geometries of one or more second VCOs associated with a second segment of a second device; determine relationships between the first VCOs and the second VCOs; and adjust, based on the relationships, a motion plan for the medical device.

Abstract: A surgical method is provided for use with a teleoperated surgical system (surgical system), the method comprising: recording surgical instrument kinematic information indicative of surgical instrument motion produced within the surgical system during the occurrence of the surgical procedure; determining respective kinematic signatures associated with respective surgical instrument motions; producing an information structure in a computer readable storage device that associates respective kinematic signatures with respective control signals; comparing, during a performance of the surgical procedure surgical instrument kinematic information during the performance with at least one respective kinematic signature; launching, during a performance of the surgical procedure an associated respective control signal in response to a match between surgical instrument kinematics during the performance and a respective kinematic signature.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus to provide updated images during a robotically-implemented surgical procedure, 3D data is obtained of a volume of a patient, which includes anatomy involved in the procedure. The anatomy is segmented from a reconstructed image of the volume. During the procedure, the surgeon applies forces on the anatomy, causing a geometric change of the anatomy. Force sensors in the surgical robot detect these forces, which are supplied to a processor that controls display of the segmented anatomy at a display screen. From the applied forces and the physical properties of the anatomy, the processor calculates the geometric change of the anatomy that has occurred and modifies the appearance and/or position of the displayed segmented anatomy on the display screen in real time during the procedure, so as to visualize the geometric change.

Abstract: A system and method for anatomical markers includes an anatomical marker. The anatomical marker includes a first material observable to a first imaging modality and a second material observable to a second imaging modality. The first material is different from the second material. The first imaging modality is different from the second imaging modality. The first and second imaging modalities obtain their images without using light in a visible spectrum. In some embodiments, the anatomical marker further includes one or more superabsorbent polymers for absorbing and containing the one or more superabsorbent polymers. In some embodiments, the anatomical marker further includes a liquid or gel including the first and second materials, wherein the liquid or gel is configured to be applied to the anatomy of the patient. In some embodiments, the anatomical markers may be used to register a medical tool to anatomy of a patient.

Abstract: A system and method for an articulated arm stabilization includes an arm stabilizer for use with articulated arms of a computer-assisted medical device. The stabilizer includes a spine, a first vibration absorbing mount attached to the spine, a second vibration absorbing mount attached to the spine, a first clamp attached to the first vibration absorbing mount, and a second clamp attached to the second vibration absorbing mount. The first clamp is adapted to hold a first attachment point of a first articulated arm without slipping. The second clamp is adapted to hold a second attachment point of a second articulated arm without slipping. In some embodiments, the arm stabilizer stabilizes and reduces vibration in the first and second articulated arms. In some embodiments, the vibration is in a range from 0.5 to 14 Hz. In some embodiments, the spine limits relative motion between the first clamp and the second clamp.

Abstract: A system and method for an articulated arm based tool guide includes an elongated body having a guide hole, a first joint attached to a first end of the body, a second joint attached to a second end of the body opposite the first end, a first mounting arm coupled to the body using the first joint, and a second mounting arm coupled to the body using the second joint. The first mounting arm is configured to be attached to a first articulated arm of a computer-assisted medical device. The second mounting arm is configured to be attached to a second articulated arm of the computer-assisted medical device. The guide hole is adapted to receive a medical tool and maintain a working end of the medical tool in alignment with the guide. In some embodiments, the first mounting arm includes identifying information identifying the tool guide as a tool guide.

Abstract: System and method of virtual feedback with haptic devices for use with computer-assisted medical devices includes one or more processors and an input device coupled to a control unit configured to determine a reference point for the input device, select a virtual feed-back model (VFM) for the input device from among a plurality of VFMs configure parameters of the VFM, determine a position of the input device based on information from one or more sensors associated with the input device, determine a feedback level for the input device based on the reference point, the position, and the VFM, and send one or more feedback commands to one or more actuators associated with the input device based on the feedback level. In some embodiments, the VFM includes a transfer function that has one or more characteristics selected from unidirectional, bidirectional, linear, non-linear, asymmetric, symmetric, isotropic, non-isotropic, and hysteresis.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and corresponding methods to place and further monitor an implanted medical device. The implanted device includes a fluorescent material that is disposed on a portion of a tip of the device. The system also includes a skin patch having one or more infrared light detectors configured to detect light radiation from the fluorescent material on the implanted device located beneath a skin surface of living tissue. The system further includes an image processing module that is configured to construct an image of the implanted device and its surroundings. The processor further registers and analyzes the position of the implanted device and provides an appropriate feedback signal to a monitoring station.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus to provide updated images during a robotically-implemented surgical procedure, 3D data are obtained of a volume of a patient, which includes anatomy involved in the procedure. The anatomy is segmented from a reconstructed image of the volume. During the procedure, the surgeon applies forces on the anatomy, causing a geometric change of the anatomy. Force sensors in the surgical robot detect these forces, which are supplied to a processor that controls display of the segmented anatomy at a display screen. From the applied forces and the physical properties of the anatomy, the processor calculates the geometric change of the anatomy that has occurred and modifies the appearance and/or position of the displayed segmented anatomy on the display screen in real time during the procedure, so as to visualize the geometric change.

Abstract: Methods and systems for registering a manipulator assembly and independently positionable surgical table are provided herein. In one aspect, methods include attaching a registration device to a particular location of the surgical table and attaching a manipulator arm of the manipulator assembly to the registration device and determining a position and/or orientation of the surgical table relative the manipulator assembly using joint state sensor readings from the manipulator arm. In another aspect, methods for registration include tracking of one or more optical or radio markers with a sensor associate with the manipulator assembly to determine a spatial relationship between the surgical table and manipulator assembly.

Abstract: A system and method of specular reflection detection and reduction includes a processing unit including one or more processors and an imaging unit coupled to the processing unit. The imaging unit includes one or more first illuminators for providing illumination of a region of interest, one or more first detectors for detecting reflections of the illumination, one or more second illuminators for triggering fluorescing of one or more fluorescent materials in the region of interest, and one or more second detectors for detecting the fluorescing of the fluorescent materials. The processing unit is configured to receive a first image from the first detectors, determine one or more regions of high specular reflection in the first image, mask out the regions of high specular reflection in the first image, and generate a composite image based on the masked first image and the detected fluorescence. The first image includes the detected reflections.

Abstract: A system and method of dynamic virtual collision objects includes a control unit for a medical device. The control unit includes one or more processors and an interface coupling the control unit to the medical device. The control unit is configured to determine a position of a first movable segment of the medical device, a volume occupied by the first movable segment being approximated by one or more first virtual collision objects (VCOs); adjust, based on the position and motion goals for the medical device, one or more properties of the first VCOs; determine, based on the position and the properties, first geometries of the first VCOs; receive second geometries of one or more second VCOs associated with a second segment of a second device; determine relationships between the first VCOs and the second VCOs; and adjust, based on the relationships, a motion plan for the medical device.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus to provide updated images during a robotically-implemented surgical procedure, 3D data are obtained of a volume of a patient, which includes anatomy involved in the procedure. The anatomy is segmented from a reconstructed image of the volume. During the procedure, the surgeon applies forces on the anatomy, causing a geometric change of the anatomy. Force sensors in the surgical robot detect these forces, which are supplied to a processor that controls display of the segmented anatomy at a display screen. From the applied forces and the physical properties of the anatomy, the processor calculates the geometric change of the anatomy that has occurred and modifies the appearance and/or position of the displayed segmented anatomy on the display screen in real time during the procedure, so as to visualize the geometric change.