Abstract: An apparatus has a pixel array, a multi-lens array (MLA) coupled to the pixel array, and circuitry functionally coupled to the pixel array. The pixel array has a plurality of pixels for receiving-and-displaying or sensing-and-outputting a plurality of elemental images. The MLA has a plurality of lenslets. The circuitry has a model for processing the plurality of elemental images. The model and one or more characteristics of the plurality of lenslets are jointly optimized.

Abstract: An apparatus has a pixel array, a multi-lens array (MLA) coupled to the pixel array, and circuitry functionally coupled to the pixel array. The pixel array has a plurality of pixels for receiving-and-displaying or sensing-and-outputting a plurality of elemental images. The MLA has a plurality of lenslets. The circuitry has a model for processing the plurality of elemental images. The model and one or more characteristics of the plurality of lenslets are jointly optimized.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for near unity absorption or near zero reflection of electromagnetic radiation over a wide range of wavelengths, omnidirectionally and that use the absorbed radiation to enhance the catalysis conversion of reactant chemicals to product chemicals of interest via the patterning of subwavelength metamaterial elements as a surface, or colloidal clusters of subwavelength particles as a suspension. The arrangements, dimensions, materials and geometries of the unit elements of the meta-surface or colloidal clusters may be selected to produce an effective refractive index lower than that of the refractive index of the comprising materials, such that the effective index approaches the index of the surrounding medium.