Abstract: The present invention overcomes the problem of processes yielding poor quantities of poly-gamma-glutamic-acid (?-PGA) by providing a process and a novel medium for synthesis of ?-PGA in the presence of Bacillus paralicheniformis MCC 196. Wherein, the novel medium comprises tomato waste alone for cost effective and greener production of ?-PGA with yield of 40 g/L. In another process, non-sterile fermentation employs the use of a medium high in sugar content. Wherein, sucrose is used in concentrations up to 50% to obtain more than 280 g/L of poly gamma glutamic acid. The disclosed process is scalable and provides immense economic advantages.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the synthesis of Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) comprising heating a mixture of fructose, aqueous NaCl or KCl, solvent, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and a catalyst at a temperature in the range of 150 to 200° C. in a sealed vessel for a time period in the range of 2 to 5 hours to yield crude 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF). The crude 5-HMF further reacts with a biocatalyst at a temperature in a range of 20 to 50° C. for a period at a range of 24 to 96 hours to yield FDCA, wherein the conversion of 5-HMF to FDCA is in the range of 90 to 100%.