Abstract: The Fischer-Tropsch process can be used for the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous feed stocks into normally liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons (i.e. measured at 0° C., 1 bar). The feed stock (e.g. natural gas, associated gas, coal-bed methane, residual oil fractions, biomass and/or coal) is converted in a first step into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This mixture is often referred to as synthesis gas or syngas. The present invention relates to process for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock and a system for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock.

Abstract: The Fischer-Tropsch process can be used for the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous feed stocks into normally liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons (i.e. measured at 0° C., 1 bar). The feed stock (e.g. natural gas, associated gas, coal-bed methane, residual oil fractions, biomass and/or coal) is converted in a first step into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This mixture is often referred to as synthesis gas or syngas. The present invention relates to process for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock and a system for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock.

Abstract: The Fischer-Tropsch process can be used for the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous feed stocks into normally liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons (i.e. measured at 0° C., 1 bar). The feed stock (e.g. natural gas, associated gas, coal-bed methane, residual oil fractions, biomass and/or coal) is converted in a first step into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This mixture is often referred to as synthesis gas or syngas. The present invention relates to process for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock and a system for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock.

Abstract: The Fischer-Tropsch process can be used for the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous feed stocks into normally liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons (i.e. measured at 0° C., 1 bar). The feed stock (e.g. natural gas, associated gas, coal-bed methane, residual oil fractions, biomass and/or coal) is converted in a first step into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This mixture is often referred to as synthesis gas or syngas. The present invention relates to process for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock and a system for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of mixed lower alkanes into aromatics which comprises first reacting a mixed lower alkane feed comprising at least propane and ethane in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of propane into first stage aromatic reaction products, separating ethane from the first stage aromatic reaction products, reacting ethane in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of ethane into second stage aromatic reaction products, and optionally separating ethane from the second stage aromatic reaction products.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing aromatic hydrocarbons which comprises: (a) contacting a lower alkane feed with a solid particulate aromatic hydrocarbon conversion catalyst in a fixed bed reaction zone to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and other products, whereby the catalyst is at least partially deactivated by the formation of undesirable coke deposits, (b) periodically regenerating the catalyst under regeneration conditions, (c) separating aromatic hydrocarbons from the other products and unreacted lower alkanes, and (d) optionally recycling unreacted lower alkanes to the reaction zone wherein the fixed bed reaction zone additionally comprises a volume of a catalytically inactive solid.

Abstract: A process comprising: contacting a lower alkane feed comprising propane and ethane with an aromatization catalyst in a first stage under first stage reaction conditions to produce a first stage product stream comprising ethane and aromatics; separating the aromatics from the first stage product stream to form an aromatics product stream and a second stage feed; and contacting the second stage feed with an aromatization catalyst in a second stage under second stage reaction conditions to produce a second stage product stream comprising ethane and aromatics wherein the amount ethane in the first stage product stream is equal to from 80 to 300% of the amount of ethane in the lower alkane feed and the amount of ethane in the second stage product stream is 500 equal to at most 80% of the amount of ethane in the second stage feed is described.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of propane and/or butane into aromatics which comprises first reacting a propane and/or butane feed in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of propane and/or butane into first stage aromatic reaction products, separating ethane produced in the first stage reaction from the first stage aromatic reaction products, reacting ethane in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of ethane into second stage aromatic reaction products, and optionally separating ethane from the second stage aromatic reaction products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrocarbon conversion, especially for producing aromatic hydrocarbons, which comprises: (a) alternately contacting a hydrocarbon feed, especially a lower alkane feed, with a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, especially an aromatization catalyst, under hydrocarbon conversion, especially aromatization reaction conditions, in a reactor for a short period of time, preferably 30 minutes or less, to produce reaction products and then contacting the catalyst with hydrogen-containing gas at elevated temperature for a short period of time, preferably 10 minutes or less, (b) repeating the cycle of step (a) at least one time, (c) regenerating the catalyst by contacting it with an oxygen-containing gas at elevated temperature and (d) repeating steps (a) through (c) at least one time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons which comprises: (a) alternately contacting a lower alkane feed with an aromatization catalyst under aromatization reaction conditions in a reactor for a short period of time, preferably 30 minutes or less, to produce aromatic reaction products and then contacting the aromatization catalyst with a hydrogen-containing gas at elevated temperature for a short period of time, preferably 10 minutes or less, (b) repeating the cycle of step (a) at least one time, (c) regenerating the aromatization catalyst by contacting it with an oxygen-containing gas at elevated temperature and (d) repeating steps (a) through (c) at least one time.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of mixed lower alkanes into aromatics which comprises first reacting a mixed lower alkane feed comprising at least propane and ethane in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of propane into first stage aromatic reaction products, separating ethane from the first stage aromatic reaction products, reacting ethane in the presence of an aromatization catalyst under reaction conditions which maximize the conversion of ethane into second stage aromatic reaction products, and optionally separating ethane from the second stage aromatic reaction products.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing aromatic hydrocarbons which comprises: (a) contacting a lower alkane feed with a solid particulate aromatic hydrocarbon conversion catalyst in a fluidized bed reaction zone to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and other products, whereby the catalyst is at least partly deactivated by the formation of undesirable coke deposits, (b) continuously withdrawing a portion of the catalyst from the reaction zone, regenerating it in a regeneration zone and returning regenerated catalyst to the reaction zone, (c) maintaining the heat balance between the reaction zone and the regeneration zone by diluting the catalyst particles with particles of a catalytically inactive solid with about the same or improved specific heat and thermal conductivity relative to the catalyst, (d) separating aromatic hydrocarbons from the other products and unreacted lower alkanes, and (e) optionally recycling unreacted lower alkanes to the reaction zone.

Abstract: This invention describes a process for producing hydrogen comprising: introducing a feedstream comprising a bio-based feedstock and water into a reformer and supplying heat to the reformer; contacting the feedstream with a steam reforming catalyst disposed within the reformer to form a reformate comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; recovering the reformate from the reformer; contacting the reformate with steam in the presence of a water-gas shift catalyst disposed within a water-gas shift reaction zone to form a water-gas shift product stream comprising hydrogen, and the water-gas shift product stream comprises hydrogen in a greater quantity than in the reformate; heating the feedstream by heat exchange contact of the feedstream with a product stream selected from the reformate, the water-gas shift product stream or combinations thereof to transfer heat from the product stream to the feedstream prior to introducing the feedstream into the reformer.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing aromatic hydrocarbons which comprises: (a) contacting a lower alkane feed with a solid particulate aromatic hydrocarbon conversion catalyst in a fixed bed reaction zone to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and other products, whereby the catalyst is at least partially deactivated by the formation of undesirable coke deposits, (b) periodically regenerating the catalyst under regeneration conditions, (c) separating aromatic hydrocarbons from the other products and unreacted lower alkanes, and (d) optionally recycling unreacted lower alkanes to the reaction zone wherein the fixed bed reaction zone additionally comprises a volume of a catalytically inactive solid.

Abstract: A process is described for producing hydrogen comprising producing an aqueous feed stream comprising 5% to 15% wt. ethanol by a biomass fermentation process; separating at least a portion of the water from the feed stream so that the concentration of ethanol in the resulting reformer feed stream is in the range of from 15% to 35% wt.; and contacting the reformer feed stream with a catalyst in a reformer under steam reforming conditions to produce a reformer product stream comprising hydrogen wherein substantially no oxygen is added to the reformer.

Abstract: A process is described for producing hydrogen comprising producing an aqueous feed stream comprising 5% to 15% wt. ethanol by a biomass fermentation process; and contacting the reformer feed stream with a hydrocarbon stream and a catalyst in a reformer under reforming conditions to produce a reformer product stream comprising hydrogen.

Abstract: A process is described for producing hydrogen comprising producing an aqueous feed stream comprising 5% to 15% wt. ethanol by a biomass fermentation process; separating at least a portion of the water from the feed stream so that the concentration of ethanol in the resulting reformer feed stream is in the range of from 15% to 35% wt.; and contacting the reformer feed stream with a catalyst in a reformer under reforming conditions to produce a reformer product stream comprising hydrogen wherein the pressure in the reformer is in a range of from 100 psi to 600 psi.