Abstract: Solutions and methods of preparing aqueous solutions containing beta-glucans and gums are described. The solutions demonstrate enhanced rheological properties including improved shear tolerance that provide improved viscosity characteristics enabling the use of the solutions in a number of applications including the beverage industry.

Abstract: Extracts of plants of the genus Allium, such as onion bulbs (Allium cepa), contain pyruvic acid and possess the ability to inhibit generation of organic free radicals, quench pre-formed free radicals, and to induce the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as quinone reductase, thus limiting damage due to aging such as cataracts.

Abstract: Extracts prepared from red and high-pigment beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.) with a solvent, such as a water-containing solvent, possess antioxidant activity as demonstrated by a panel of assays. These extracts also have an ability to induce quinone reductase in Murine hepatoma cell (Hepa 1c1c7) cultured in vitro. Fractions purified from the active extracts also possess antioxidant activity and retain quinone reductase-inducing activity in the Hepa 1c1c7 cell line. The active extracts, purified by column, thin layer, and high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques, include betalains. A method of extracting a betalain includes steps of freeze-drying a source containing the betalain; grinding the freeze-dried source; and extracting the betalain from the ground source with the solvent. Additionally, the betalain extract can be isolated betalain components, such as by chromatography.