Abstract: An electrochemical chlorine gas sensor is disclosed with a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The working electrode may be coated with a nanoporous gold layer, a first solution comprising an ionic liquid, and a second solution that may be selected from a Nafion solution, a chitosan solution, an agar solution, or combinations thereof. The reference and counter electrodes may be further coated with the ionic liquid.

Abstract: A method for surface writing is disclosed. The method includes fabricating a plurality of nanomotors, forming a secondary solution by adding the plurality of nanomotors to a primary solution placed on a substrate, guiding the plurality of nanomotors along a path in the secondary solution, and forming a sol-gel film along the path on a surface of the substrate. Wherein, the primary solution includes a monomer and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Fabricating the plurality of nanomotors includes preparing a mesoporous silica template, forming the plurality of nanomotors within the mesoporous silica template, and separating the plurality of nanomotors from the mesoporous silica template. The mesoporous silica template includes a plurality of channels, wherein each channel of the plurality of channels has a diameter less than about 50 nm and a length of less than about 100 nm, and each nanomotor of the plurality of nanomotors is formed within a channel of the plurality of channels.

Abstract: A method for decontamination of nitroarenes including fabricating an exemplary nanomotor and chemically reducing nitroarenes of an acidic solution using the exemplary nanomotor. Fabricating the exemplary nanomotor may include depositing a plurality of magnetic nanoparticles on an Au nanosheet and depositing a plurality of zinc (Zn) nanoparticles on the plurality of magnetic nanoparticles. Chemically reducing the nitroarenes of the acidic solution may include generating hydrogen bubbles in the acidic solution by adding the exemplary nanomotor to the acidic solution and guiding the exemplary nanomotor in the acidic solution by applying a magnetic force to the exemplary nanomotor. Generating the hydrogen bubbles in the acidic solution may include reducing hydrogen ions in the acidic solution through a chemical reaction between the hydrogen ions and the plurality of Zn nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method for decontamination of a toxic substance is disclosed. The method includes fabricating a plurality of nanomotors, and putting the plurality of nanomotors in contact with a contaminant solution comprising the toxic substance. Fabricating the plurality of nanomotors includes preparing a mesoporous silica template, forming the plurality of nanomotors within the mesoporous silica template, and separating the plurality of nanomotors from the mesoporous silica template. The mesoporous silica template includes a plurality of channels, where each channel of the plurality of channels have a diameter less than about 50 nm and a length of less than about 100 nm, and each nanomotor of the plurality of nanomotors is formed within a channel of the plurality of channels. Putting the plurality of nanomotors in contact with the contaminant solution includes adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the plurality of nanomotors to the contaminant solution.

Abstract: A method for decontamination of nitroarenes including fabricating an exemplary nanomotor and chemically reducing nitroarenes of an acidic solution using the exemplary nanomotor. Fabricating the exemplary nanomotor may include depositing a plurality of magnetic nanoparticles on an Au nanosheet and depositing a plurality of zinc (Zn) nanoparticles on the plurality of magnetic nanoparticles. Chemically reducing the nitroarenes of the acidic solution may include generating hydrogen bubbles in the acidic solution by adding the exemplary nanomotor to the acidic solution and guiding the exemplary nanomotor in the acidic solution by applying a magnetic force to the exemplary nanomotor. Generating the hydrogen bubbles in the acidic solution may include reducing hydrogen ions in the acidic solution through a chemical reaction between the hydrogen ions and the plurality of Zn nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method for surface writing is disclosed. The method includes fabricating a plurality of nanomotors, forming a secondary solution by adding the plurality of nanomotors to a primary solution placed on a substrate, guiding the plurality of nanomotors along a path in the secondary solution, and forming a sol-gel film along the path on a surface of the substrate. Wherein, the primary solution includes a monomer and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Fabricating the plurality of nanomotors includes preparing a mesoporous silica template, forming the plurality of nanomotors within the mesoporous silica template, and separating the plurality of nanomotors from the mesoporous silica template. The mesoporous silica template includes a plurality of channels, wherein each channel of the plurality of channels has a diameter less than about 50 nm and a length of less than about 100 nm, and each nanomotor of the plurality of nanomotors is formed within a channel of the plurality of channels.

Abstract: A method for decontamination of a toxic substance is disclosed. The method includes fabricating a plurality of nanomotors, and putting the plurality of nanomotors in contact with a contaminant solution comprising the toxic substance. Fabricating the plurality of nanomotors includes preparing a mesoporous silica template, forming the plurality of nanomotors within the mesoporous silica template, and separating the plurality of nanomotors from the mesoporous silica template. The mesoporous silica template includes a plurality of channels, where each channel of the plurality of channels have a diameter less than about 50 nm and a length of less than about 100 nm, and each nanomotor of the plurality of nanomotors is formed within a channel of the plurality of channels. Putting the plurality of nanomotors in contact with the contaminant solution includes adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the plurality of nanomotors to the contaminant solution.

Abstract: A method for tumor marker detection is disclosed. The method includes preparing a biosensor, forming a reference solution by adding the biosensor to a buffer solution, measuring a first fluorescence intensity of the reference solution, forming a mixture by adding a suspicious biological solution to the reference solution, measuring a second fluorescence intensity of the mixture, and detecting a presence of a tumor marker responsive to a difference between the first fluorescence intensity and the second fluorescence intensity. The biosensor preparation includes forming a functionalized nanomotor by functionalizing a nanomotor with an aptamer, forming a blocked functionalized nanomotor by blocking gaps between functionalized parts of the functionalized nanomotor with a blocking agent, and attaching a fluorescence probe to the blocked functionalized nanomotor.

Abstract: An electrochemical chlorine gas sensor is disclosed with a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The working electrode may be coated with a nanoporous gold layer, a first solution comprising an ionic liquid, and a second solution that may be selected from a Nation solution, a chitosan solution, an agar solution, or combinations thereof. The reference and counter electrodes may be further coated with the ionic liquid.