Abstract: A method to measure acid diversion efficiency in rock samples. The method includes measuring a first porosity and a permeability of the rock samples. The method includes flooding a core region of the rock sample with a hydrochloric acid (HCl) system to create a wormhole, wherein during the flooding the HCl system penetrates from a first end of the rock sample to a second end of the rock sample to form the wormhole. The method includes measuring a second porosity, a pore size distribution, and a diffusion tortuosity of the rock samples with NMR. The method includes establishing a diversion index (DI) based off a ratio between the diffusion tortuosity in a first direction and the diffusion tortuosity in a second direction. The method includes determining the acid diversion efficiency based off the diversion index.

Abstract: A method for predicting formation permeability by measuring diffusional tortuosity in several directions by pulse gradient NMR. The method comprises evaluating an anisotropic diffusion coefficient by pulsed gradient NMR, determining diffusional tortuosity from the restricted diffusion data, supplementing the NMR results with resistivity and sonic logging data, measuring anisotropic tortuosity and porosity by resistivity and sonic data and combining all components in a single fitting model. The 11-coefficient model is trained to recognize the true values of permeability by comparing the real oil permeabilities measured in a library of oil-carrying rock cores with the NMR, resistivity and sonic correlates. The fitting coefficients are extracted by minimizing the discrepancy between the laboratory measured permeabilities and the predicted values combining all rapid logging information components with the agreement-maximizing weights.

Abstract: A method for predicting formation permeability by measuring diffusional tortuosity in several directions by pulse gradient NMR. The method comprises evaluating an anisotropic diffusion coefficient by pulsed gradient NMR, determining diffusional tortuosity from the restricted diffusion data, supplementing the NMR results with resistivity and sonic logging data, measuring anisotropic tortuosity and porosity by resistivity and sonic data and combining all components in a single fitting model. The 11-coefficient model is trained to recognize the true values of permeability by comparing the real oil permeabilities measured in a library of oil-carrying rock cores with the NMR, resistivity and sonic correlates. The fitting coefficients are extracted by minimizing the discrepancy between the laboratory measured permeabilities and the predicted values combining all rapid logging information components with the agreement-maximizing weights.

Abstract: A fluorescent nanocomposite which includes a thallium doped gadolinium chalcogenide having formula TlxGd1-xY, wherein x is 0.01 to 0.1, and Y is selected from the group consisting of S, Se, or Te, and a benzothiazolium salt bound to a surface of the thallium doped gadolinium chalcogenide. A method of detecting antimony ions in a fluid sample whereby the fluid sample is contacted with the fluorescent nanocomposite to form a mixture, and a fluorescence emission profile of the mixture is measured to determine a presence or absence of antimony ions in the fluid sample, wherein a reduction in intensity of a fluorescence emissions peak associated with the fluorescent nanocomposite indicates the presence of antimony ions in the fluid sample.

Abstract: A fluorescent nanocomposite which includes a thallium doped gadolinium chalcogenide having formula TlxGd1-xY, wherein x is 0.01 to 0.1, and Y is selected from the group consisting of S, Se, or Te, and a benzothiazolium salt bound to a surface of the thallium doped gadolinium chalcogenide. A method of detecting antimony ions in a fluid sample whereby the fluid sample is contacted with the fluorescent nanocomposite to form a mixture, and a fluorescence emission profile of the mixture is measured to determine a presence or absence of antimony ions in the fluid sample, wherein a reduction in intensity of a fluorescence emissions peak associated with the fluorescent nanocomposite indicates the presence of antimony ions in the fluid sample.

Abstract: A method for predicting formation permeability by measuring diffusional tortuosity in several directions by pulse gradient NMR. The method comprises evaluating an anisotropic diffusion coefficient by pulsed gradient NMR, determining diffusional tortuosity from the restricted diffusion data, supplementing the NMR results with resistivity and sonic logging data, measuring anisotropic tortuosity and porosity by resistivity and sonic data and combining all components in a single fitting model. The 11-coefficient model is trained to recognize the true values of permeability by comparing the real oil permeabilities measured in a library of oil-carrying rock cores with the NMR, resistivity and sonic correlates. The fitting coefficients are extracted by minimizing the discrepancy between the laboratory measured permeabilities and the predicted values combining all rapid logging information components with the agreement-maximizing weights.

Abstract: A method for predicting formation permeability by measuring diffusional tortuosity in several directions by pulse gradient NMR. The method comprises evaluating an anisotropic diffusion coefficient by pulsed gradient NMR, determining diffusional tortuosity from the restricted diffusion data, supplementing the NMR results with resistivity and sonic logging data, measuring anisotropic tortuosity and porosity by resistivity and sonic data and combining all components in a single fitting model. The 11-coefficient model is trained to recognize the true values of permeability by comparing the real oil permeabilities measured in a library of oil-carrying rock cores with the NMR, resistivity and sonic correlates. The fitting coefficients are extracted by minimizing the discrepancy between the laboratory measured permeabilities and the predicted values combining all rapid logging information components with the agreement-maximizing weights.

Abstract: A method for predicting formation permeability by measuring diffusional tortuosity in several directions by pulse gradient NMR. The method comprises evaluating an anisotropic diffusion coefficient by pulsed gradient NMR, determining diffusional tortuosity from the restricted diffusion data, supplementing the NMR results with resistivity and sonic logging data, measuring anisotropic tortuosity and porosity by resistivity and sonic data and combining all components in a single fitting model. The 11-coefficient model is trained to recognize the true values of permeability by comparing the real oil permeabilities measured in a library of oil-carrying rock cores with the NMR, resistivity and sonic correlates. The fitting coefficients are extracted by minimizing the discrepancy between the laboratory measured permeabilities and the predicted values combining all rapid logging information components with the agreement-maximizing weights.

Abstract: Methods of forming graphene may include reacting a dispersed mixture, comprising fly ash, a charged heteroaromatic compound, particularly a pyridinium compound, such as a 1-(4-pyridyl)-pyridinium salt, and a solvent, particularly an alcohol, such as ethanol, with a polymeric oxidizing agent, preferably polymer-supported pyridinium chlorochromate, to form a second mixture; and contacting the second mixture at a temperature of 120 to 180° C. with a gas stream comprising at least 0.1 vol. % CH4 and at least 10 vol. % H2 to form graphene on the fly ash. Methods of managing waste may comprise using fly ash waste to produce graphene. Devices for implementing such methods may involve steel cylindrical reaction vessels including a cover through which a valve-stoppable pipe is fed, which reaction vessel is at least partially surrounded by a heating device, and suitable for handling solvent and fly ash, as well as for receiving gas inflow through the pipe.

Abstract: A fluorescent nanocomposite which includes a thallium doped gadolinium chalcogenide having formula TlxGd1-xY, wherein x is 0.01 to 0.1, and Y is selected from the group consisting of S, Se, or Te, and a benzothiazolium salt bound to a surface of the thallium doped gadolinium chalcogenide. A method of detecting antimony ions in a fluid sample whereby the fluid sample is contacted with the fluorescent nanocomposite to form a mixture, and a fluorescence emission profile of the mixture is measured to determine a presence or absence of antimony ions in the fluid sample, wherein a reduction in intensity of a fluorescence emissions peak associated with the fluorescent nanocomposite indicates the presence of antimony ions in the fluid sample.

Abstract: Methods of forming graphene may include reacting a dispersed mixture, comprising fly ash, a charged heteroaromatic compound, particularly a pyridinium compound, such as a 1-(4-pyridyl)-pyridinium salt, and a solvent, particularly an alcohol, such as ethanol, with a polymeric oxidizing agent, preferably polymer-supported pyridinium chlorochromate, to form a second mixture; and contacting the second mixture at a temperature of 120 to 180° C. with a gas stream comprising at least 0.1 vol. % CH4 and at least 10 vol. % H2 to form graphene on the fly ash. Methods of managing waste may comprise using fly ash waste to produce graphene. Devices for implementing such methods may involve steel cylindrical reaction vessels including a cover through which a valve-stoppable pipe is fed, which reaction vessel is at least partially surrounded by a heating device, and suitable for handling solvent and fly ash, as well as for receiving gas inflow through the pipe.

Abstract: A method for predicting formation permeability by measuring diffusional tortuosity in several directions by pulse gradient NMR. The method comprises evaluating an anisotropic diffusion coefficient by pulsed gradient NMR, determining diffusional tortuosity from the restricted diffusion data, supplementing the NMR results with resistivity and sonic logging data, measuring anisotropic tortuosity and porosity by resistivity and sonic data and combining all components in a single fitting model. The 11-coefficient model is trained to recognize the true values of permeability by comparing the real oil permeabilities measured in a library of oil-carrying rock cores with the NMR, resistivity and sonic correlates. The fitting coefficients are extracted by minimizing the discrepancy between the laboratory measured permeabilities and the predicted values combining all rapid logging information components with the agreement-maximizing weights.

Abstract: Methods of forming graphene may include reacting a dispersed mixture, comprising fly ash, a charged heteroaromatic compound, particularly a pyridinium compound, such as a 1-(4-pyridyl)-pyridinium salt, and a solvent, particularly an alcohol, such as ethanol, with a polymeric oxidizing agent, preferably polymer-supported pyridinium chlorochromate, to form a second mixture; and contacting the second mixture at a temperature of 120 to 180° C. with a gas stream comprising at least 0.1 vol. % CH4 and at least 10 vol. % H2 to form graphene on the fly ash. Methods of managing waste may comprise using fly ash waste to produce graphene. Devices for implementing such methods may involve steel cylindrical reaction vessels including a cover through which a valve-stoppable pipe is fed, which reaction vessel is at least partially surrounded by a heating device, and suitable for handling solvent and fly ash, as well as for receiving gas inflow through the pipe.

Abstract: A method for assessing an optimal acid injection rate in the process of hydrocarbon formation stimulation. The method comprises evaluating an anisotropic diffusion coefficient by pulsed gradient NMR, introduction of a semi-empirical correction based on comparison of the downhole conditions with the library of laboratory experiments where such corrections were measured, extrapolation of the library data to the real downhole conditions. The improved values of the diffusion coefficients are applied in determining wormhole regime conditions that are optimal in terms of acid consumption per a unit of stimulated yield of the hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Methods of forming graphene may include reacting a dispersed mixture, comprising fly ash, a charged heteroaromatic compound, particularly a pyridinium compound, such as a 1-(4-pyridyl)-pyridinium salt, and a solvent, particularly an alcohol, such as ethanol, with a polymeric oxidizing agent, preferably polymer-supported pyridinium chlorochromate, to form a second mixture; and contacting the second mixture at a temperature of 120 to 180° C. with a gas stream comprising at least 0.1 vol. % CH4 and at least 10 vol. % H2 to form graphene on the fly ash. Methods of managing waste may comprise using fly ash waste to produce graphene. Devices for implementing such methods may involve steel cylindrical reaction vessels including a cover through which a valve-stoppable pipe is fed, which reaction vessel is at least partially surrounded by a heating device, and suitable for handling solvent and fly ash, as well as for receiving gas inflow through the pipe.

Abstract: A star-shape nanoparticle that adsorbs arsenic in a solution, a method of producing the star-shape nanoparticle, and a method of determining an arsenic concentration in an arsenic-containing solution via the star-shape nanoparticle and fluorescence spectroscopy are provided. Various embodiments of the star-shape nanoparticle, the method of producing thereof, and the method of using thereof to determine an arsenic concentration in a solution are also provided.

Abstract: A nanostructured material having a coral reef morphology of nanoflake walls is described. The nanostructured material comprises a Fe(II)/Fe(III) layered double hydroxide intercalated with an azo dye, and a synthesis method is discussed. The nanostructured material may be used to remove a contaminant from a solution by adsorption. The nanostructured material may be cleaned and reused with high adsorption efficiency.

Abstract: A method of transferring a graphene sheet comprising one or more layers of graphene formed on a metal film, such as a copper film, coating a surface of a metal or alloy substrate onto a target substrate. The method includes fixedly contacting the graphene sheet with a contacting surface of the target substrate by applying substantially uniform pressure and heat on a layered assembly. The layered assembly comprises the metal or alloy substrate, the graphene sheet, and the target substrate. At least one layer of graphene of the graphene sheet formed on the copper film coating the surface of the metal or alloy substrate is transferred onto the contacting surface of the target substrate by the substantially uniform pressure and heat, and the at least one layer of graphene forms a graphene film on the contacting surface of the target substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing pristine graphene of controllable thickness including monolayer, bilayer and multilayer graphene via microwave irradiation assisted intercalation of graphite with dicarboxylic acids of various molecular chain lengths and subsequent exfoliation is disclosed. The average thickness of the graphene and the number of layers in the graphene produced by the method can be controlled by the molecular chain length of the dicarboxylic acid used for intercalation.