Abstract: A method comprising: receiving spectral data associated with each of a plurality of bodily fluid samples obtained from a corresponding plurality of subjects having a specified type of infectious disease; receiving data identifying a response parameter to one or more of a set of therapies associated with each of the subjects; at a training stage, training a machine learning model on a training set comprising: (i) the spectral data associated with each of the plurality of bodily fluid samples, and (ii) labels associated with the response parameters; and at an inference stage, applying the trained machine learning model to target spectral data associated with a target bodily fluid sample obtained from a target subject, to estimate a response in the target subject to each specified therapy in the set of specified therapies.

Abstract: Provided are methods of in vitro maturation of spermatogonium by culturing the spermatogonium in a three-dimensional methylcellulose culture system (MCS) in a culture medium which comprises an effective concentration of a factor selected from the group consisting of granulocyte macrophages-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), under conditions capable of differentiating the spermatogonium into at least meiotic and/or postmeiotic cells, thereby in vitro maturing the spermatogonium.

Abstract: Provided are methods of in vitro maturation of human spermatogonium, comprising culturing the spermatogonium in a three-dimensional methylcellose culture system (MCS) under conditions capable of differentiating said human spermatogonium into an elongated spermatid, thereby in vitro maturing the human spermatogonium. Also provided is an in vitro matured sperm obtainable according to the method of the invention and methods of treating subjects in need of mature sperm cells.