Abstract: A positioning system including a satellite signal receiver 20 that receives satellite signals from a plurality of positioning satellites; a plurality of indoor pseudo satellite stations that transmit pseudo satellite signals; and a pseudo station control device that selects the positioning satellites to be allocated to the plurality of pseudo satellite stations based on the received satellite signals, allocates a PRN code corresponding to each of the selected positioning satellites to each of the plurality of pseudo satellite stations one by one, determines a delay time of the PRN code allocated to the plurality of pseudo satellite stations, and transmits a plurality of pseudo satellite signals generated using the PRN code corresponding to each of the plurality of pseudo satellite stations and the delay time to each of the plurality of pseudo satellite stations.

Abstract: A positioning system including a satellite signal receiver 20 that receives satellite signals from a plurality of positioning satellites; a plurality of indoor pseudo satellite stations that transmit pseudo satellite signals; and a pseudo station control device that selects the positioning satellites to be allocated to the plurality of pseudo satellite stations based on the received satellite signals, allocates a PRN code corresponding to each of the selected positioning satellites to each of the plurality of pseudo satellite stations one by one, determines a delay time of the PRN code allocated to the plurality of pseudo satellite stations, and transmits a plurality of pseudo satellite signals generated using the PRN code corresponding to each of the plurality of pseudo satellite stations and the delay time to each of the plurality of pseudo satellite stations.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus including a case having an opening including a curve and a photoelectric conversion device that is provided in the case and includes a crystalline semiconductor substrate, the photoelectric conversion having an outer edge that includes at least partially formed of an outer curve portion along the opening, and the photoelectric conversion having an inner edge that includes at least partially formed of an inner curve portion along the outer edge.

Abstract: An integrated circuit for satellite signal reception includes a position calculation part and has a volume of 9.33 mm3 or less, and a time from measurement start to initial measurement of 120 seconds or less at a signal intensity of ?162 dBm or more and ?160 dBm or less.

Abstract: A method includes tracking positioning satellite signal using a first data string obtained by sampling received signal of the positioning satellite signal at a first sampling rate that is a non-integer multiple of a chip rate, and capturing the positioning satellite signal using a second data string obtained by sampling the received signal at a second sampling rate that is an integer multiple of the chip rate.

Abstract: Position calculating methods and devices are described. Satellite information may be calculated, which includes satellite position, satellite movement speed, and satellite movement direction of a positioning satellite. A pseudo distance between the positioning satellite and a user may be calculated based on a satellite signal received from the positioning satellite. The position of the user may be calculated using the satellite information and the pseudo distance in executing a convergence calculation with positioning information for a reference satellite, thereby eliminating a time error term from unknown quantities.

Abstract: In a baseband processing circuit unit, a sample memory stores a received data sequence obtained by sampling a signal received by an RF receiving circuit unit at a given sampling time interval. A data sequence estimating unit estimates an estimated data sequence, which is obtained when the received signal is sampled at a sampling time shifted by a given shift time from the sampling time of the received data sequence, on the basis of the received data sequence stored in the sample memory. A correlation operation unit performs a correlation operation on the estimated data sequence estimated by the data sequence estimating unit 22 and a replica code. An integration unit integrates the correlation operation result from the correlation operation unit at a given integration time interval.

Abstract: A correlation calculating method of correlating a received code signal obtained by demodulating a received signal, which is a signal obtained by receiving a positioning satellite signal, with a replica code signal is provided which includes: correlating values of the replica code signal in a chip period with values of the received code signal at first to n-th arrival times obtained by varying an arrival time of the chip period by 1/n chip (where n is an integer equal to or greater than 2); and acquiring a correlation calculation result at a 1/n chip interval by synthesizing the correlation calculation results.

Abstract: An integrated circuit for satellite signal reception includes a position calculation part and has a volume of 9.33 mm3 or less, and a time from measurement start to initial measurement of 120 seconds or less at a signal intensity of ?162 dBm or more and ?160 dBm or less.

Abstract: A method includes tracking positioning satellite signal using a first data string obtained by sampling received signal of the positioning satellite signal at a first sampling rate that is a non-integer multiple of a chip rate, and capturing the positioning satellite signal using a second data string obtained by sampling the received signal at a second sampling rate that is an integer multiple of the chip rate.

Abstract: A method of acquiring a satellite signal includes calculating a correlation result of a reception signal from a GPS satellite and a replica code using an output value of one adder-subtractor for a combination of addition and subtraction corresponding to time-series change in code values of the replica code from among a plurality of adder-subtractors for addition-subtraction of sampling values obtained by sampling the reception signal in a time series with different combinations of addition and subtraction, and acquiring the satellite signal of the GPS satellite using the correlation result.

Abstract: Every k (k?2) sampling values of sampling values in a time series obtained by sampling reception signal from GPS satellite are selected, and addition-subtraction of the selected k sampling values is performed by changing the combinations of addition and subtraction. Using addition-subtraction results of a combination corresponding to time-series change in code values of a replica code from among the combinations of addition and subtraction, a correlation result of the reception signal and the replica code is calculated. The satellite signal of the GPS satellite is acquired using the correlation result.

Abstract: In a frequency difference calculation circuit, a first frequency difference calculation section calculates a difference between the first input frequency and an oscillation frequency of the non-integer multiple oscillation section of which an oscillation frequency is a non-integer multiple of the first input frequency. Meanwhile, a second frequency difference calculation section calculates a difference between a second input frequency in which a difference between frequency having an integer multiple of the first input frequency and the second input frequency being within a predetermined error range, and the oscillation frequency of the non-integer multiple oscillation section and an addition section calculates a difference between the first input frequency and the second input frequency adding a calculation result of the first calculation section and a calculation result of the second calculation section.

Abstract: A correlation calculating method of correlating a received code signal obtained by demodulating a received signal, which is a signal obtained by receiving a positioning satellite signal, with a replica code signal is provided which includes: correlating values of the replica code signal in a chip period with values of the received code signal at first to n-th arrival times obtained by varying an arrival time of the chip period by 1/n chip (where n is an integer equal to or greater than 2); and acquiring a correlation calculation result at a 1/n chip interval by synthesizing the correlation calculation results.

Abstract: A correlation calculating method of correlating a received code signal obtained by demodulating a received signal, which is a signal obtained by receiving a positioning satellite signal, with a replica code signal is provided which includes: correlating values of the replica code signal in a chip period with values of the received code signal at first to n-th arrival times obtained by varying an arrival time of the chip period by 1/n chip (where n is an integer equal to or greater than 2); and acquiring a correlation calculation result at a 1/n chip interval by synthesizing the correlation calculation results.

Abstract: In a baseband processing circuit unit, a sample memory stores a received data sequence obtained by sampling a signal received by an RF receiving circuit unit at a given sampling time interval. A data sequence estimating unit estimates an estimated data sequence, which is obtained when the received signal is sampled at a sampling time shifted by a given shift time from the sampling time of the received data sequence, on the basis of the received data sequence stored in the sample memory. A correlation operation unit performs a correlation operation on the estimated data sequence estimated by the data sequence estimating unit 22 and a replica code. An integration unit integrates the correlation operation result from the correlation operation unit at a given integration time interval.

Abstract: In a frequency difference calculation circuit, a first frequency difference calculation section calculates a difference between the first input frequency and an oscillation frequency of the non-integer multiple oscillation section of which an oscillation frequency is a non-integer multiple of the first input frequency. Meanwhile, a second frequency difference calculation section calculates a difference between a second input frequency in which a difference between frequency having an integer multiple of the first input frequency and the second input frequency being within a predetermined error range, and the oscillation frequency of the non-integer multiple oscillation section and an addition section calculates a difference between the first input frequency and the second input frequency adding a calculation result of the first calculation section and a calculation result of the second calculation section.

Abstract: The terminal apparatus has: base station and terminal error information generating means for generating base station and terminal error information indicating a rate of the base station and terminal frequency difference with respect to the official frequency; geostationary satellite and terminal difference information generating means for generating geostationary satellite and terminal difference information indicating a geostationary satellite and terminal frequency difference; geostationary satellite and terminal error information generating means for generating geostationary satellite and terminal error information indicating a rate of the geostationary satellite and terminal frequency difference with respect to the geostationary satellite frequency; base station frequency error information generating means for generating base station frequency error information indicating a frequency error of a transmitting radio wave from the communication base station based on the base station and terminal error.

Abstract: A positioning method includes (a) executing a cumulative addition for either one of the polarities on each of an I Q components of0 a received positioning signal, which is spread-modulated with a spread code reversed in polarity by navigation data, (b) calculating sum of squares of the result of the cumulative addition, (c) calculating correlation between the sum of squares and a replica code of the spread code, and (d) executing a positioning calculation of the present location based on the result of the correlation calculation.

Abstract: A positioning method includes (a) adding cumulatively each of an I component and a Q component of a received signal of a positioning signal per polarity, the positioning signal being spread-modulated with a spread code reversed in polarity by a navigation data, (b) calculating sum of squares of the results of the cumulative addition in step (a), (c) executing correlation calculation of the sum of squares calculated in step (b) with a replica code of the spread code, and (d) executing predetermined positioning calculation based on the result of the correlation calculation in step (c) to perform positioning of the present location.