Abstract: A method and apparatus for minimizing tissue adhesion in a tissue of a subject includes applying light, to the tissue, that reduces at least one adhesion marker in the tissue, the light having wavelengths in at least one of a first wavelength range of 730-770 nm and a second wavelength range of 930-970 nm, wherein the at least one adhesion marker includes at least one of a transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-?1), a vascular endothelial growth factor, (VEGF), and a collagen alpha-1(I) chain (COL|?|), and wherein the light is free of wavelengths that increase the at least one adhesion marker.

Abstract: A method of treating reperfusion injury in a tissue of a subject in need thereof. The method includes applying light, to the tissue, that inhibits electron transfer from cytochrome c to cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) to molecular oxygen to attenuate creation of reactive oxygen species. The light includes wavelengths in a first wavelength range of 730-770 nm and a second wavelength range of 930-970 nm.

Abstract: A vaginal speculum and side wall retractor allows clinicians to visualize the cervix and upper vagina by retracting vaginal walls simultaneously. This device is comprised of a handle, a mobile introducer allowing the device to comfortably be inserted vaginally, and a lower blade capable of stabilizing the cervix and a body containing the side wall retractor. This retractor is comprised of a rolled-up sheet of transparent plastic which can be opened through a rotating shaft countersunk in the body of the base. A friction or sprocket gear allows the rotating shaft to open and close the plastic side wall retractor as well as completely unwinding the transparent plastic sheet so that the device can be removed while leaving surgical instruments in the vagina. The rotating shaft serves as a light guide and brings light from the knob, which contains an LED, into the rolled-up sheet during examinations.

Abstract: A vaginal speculum and side wall retractor allows clinicians to visualize the cervix and upper vagina by retracting vaginal walls simultaneously. This device is comprised of a handle, a mobile introducer allowing the device to comfortably be inserted vaginally, and a lower blade capable of stabilizing the cervix and a body containing the side wall retractor. This retractor is comprised of a rolled-up sheet of transparent plastic which can be opened through a rotating shaft countersunk in the body of the base. A friction or sprocket gear allows the rotating shaft to open and close the plastic side wall retractor as well as completely unwinding the transparent plastic sheet so that the device can be removed while leaving surgical instruments in the vagina. The rotating shaft serves as a light guide and brings light from the knob, which contains an LED, into the rolled-up sheet during examinations.