Abstract: A first aspect of the present invention provides a manipulating method of an organism including forming an air bubble in liquid where the organism is immersed, attaching the organism to the air bubble, and controlling an airflow by generating the airflow in the air bubble and manipulating a position of the organism with the airflow.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method of applying a force to an organism is provided which includes: forming a gas-liquid interface between a liquid, in which an organism is immersed, and a gas in a flow channel or at an end portion of the flow channel after arranging the end portion in the liquid; controlling a vector of a force applied from the gas-liquid interface to the organism; and applying a force to the organism from the gas-liquid interface.

Abstract: In a first aspect of the present invention, a manipulation method of an organism is provided, comprising: forming an air bubble by introducing gas into liquid in which an organism is submerged; controlling of energy before, during or after the forming of the air bubble, including controlling of difference (E1 - E2) obtained by subtracting, from surface free energy E1 at an interface between the gas and the organism, surface free energy E2 at an interface between the gas and the liquid; and manipulating the organism using the air bubble, by bringing the air bubble into contact with the organism during or after the controlling of energy.

Abstract: A determination device is provided which includes a determination unit which refers to a learned model generated by learning a teacher data including an optical spectrum measured from a cancer tissue whose primary focus is known, and determines a primary focus of a biological specimen according to input data based on an optical spectrum of a biological specimen measured by a measurement unit.