Abstract: An overtube includes an overtube body and a tubular gripping part that is connected to a proximal end side of the overtube body and that has an insertion port which communicates with an insertion pipe line. In cross-sectional view that is viewed from a direction orthogonal to a central axis direction of the gripping part of the overtube, at least a part of an outer peripheral surface of the gripping part has a shape formed by standardization.

Abstract: Provided is a system which can reduce load on a travel controller that performs a danger avoidance operation by preliminarily detecting a significant event without increasing an amount of ITS communications, thereby providing suitable assistance for travel control of autonomous vehicles. When a vehicle 1 passes through a certain section of a road after an in-vehicle terminal 4 has detected a significant event while the vehicle 1 is traveling in the section, the in-vehicle terminal 4 transmits event data (images and other information related to the event) to a roadside apparatus 6 at an end point of the section. The roadside apparatus 6 transmits the event data to another roadside apparatus 6 at a start point of the section, which in turn transmits the event data to an in-vehicle device in another vehicle entering the section so that the device can perform travel control based on the event data.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic pen including a rod-like member that includes a pen tip at a front and is supported movably in a longitudinal direction, an electronic component, at least a portion of which is provided on a rear side of the rod-like member opposite to a side on which the pen tip is included, a casing that has a tubular shape and stores the rod-like member and the electronic component, and a transmission member that is provided in a space interposed between the electronic component and an inner circumferential surface of the casing and transmits an externally received force at a rear of the rod-like member to move the rod-like member in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A method of producing an optical element, in which a first and a second die are cooperated with each other so as to press-mold a material in order to produce an optical element including a lens portion, the first die has a circular cross-sectional shape, and the second die defines therein an interior space having a polygonal cross-sectional shape with respect to the direction of die-fastening, the first die is adapted to enter into the interior space of the second die in the direction of die-fastening in the interior space so to press-mold the material in order to form the lens surface while the material is bulged out through gaps between the first die and the second die around the lens surface whereby forming protrusions. An optical element and a mold assembly for an optical element are also provided.

Abstract: An optical element being high in productivity and capable of ensuring a large bonding area, and a production method of the optical element. At mold opening when a top part (120) provided with a round portion (121) moves upward, a preform is placed in an inner space the interior of which is formed by a rectangular sleeve (110) and the round portion (131) of a bottom part (130). At mold clamping when the top part (120) moves downward, the preform is pressurized. That is, a convex lens portion is transferred by the concave curved surface (122) and the edge surface (123) of the round portion (121) and the concave curved surface (132) and the edge surface (133) of the round portion (131). The four side surfaces of an optical element (1) are transferred by the inner wall surface (110a) of the sleeve (110).

Abstract: The present invention increases the communication path switching control speed. A demultiplexing circuit 2a is provided at an input side of a time division switch 1 and converts a serial signal of an input high 20a of multiplexed 32 Kbps sub rate channels into serial signals of the input highway 21a and 22a of multiplexed 64 Kbps full rate channels. A multiplexing circuit 2b is provided at an output side of the time division switch and converts serial signals of the output highways 21b and 22b of multiplexed 64 Kbps full rate channels into a serial signal of the output highway 20b of multiplexed 32 Kbps sub rate channels.

Abstract: A mobile communication system is composed of a plurality of base stations including a first and second connecting base stations and a mobile terminal connected to the first connecting base station. Relevant base stations are selected from among the plurality of base stations based on hand-over counts, each of which indicates the number of times of hand-over operations of the mobile terminal from the first connecting base station to one of the plurality of base stations. A second connecting base station is selected from among the relevant base stations based on electric field intensities from the relevant base stations, and the mobile terminal establishes a connecting link with the second connecting base station.

Abstract: A mobile communication system, which is capable of improving a hand-off success rate of a mobile terminal moving in a high speed, and also capable of improving a process capability of a base station during hand-off control operation, is realized. When the mobile terminal, which has moved from one cell to another cell during communication, receives a hand-off instruction signal from a hand-off control unit of a mobile switching center, an electric field level measurement stopping unit stops the electric field level measurement of the forward control channels of the adjoining base stations which has instructed from the original hand-off base station, and also stops the transmission of the electric field level measurement result signal.

Abstract: A cavity surface-forming plate of a mold for injection-molding a plastic substrate is coarsely polished, and then a surface for defining a cavity is applied with electroless Ni—P plating. The surface of the plating is polished with abrasive grains to obtain surface roughness of Ra≦2.0 nm and Rmax≦22 nm. The plastic substrate molded with the mold has smoothness equivalent to the polished plating surface. A concave-convex pattern for forming pits may be formed on the cavity surface. A magnetic disk or an optical disk provided with the substrate makes it possible to realize the near contact system for a magnetic or magneto-optical head. Thus, it is possible to realize high density recording.

Abstract: A cavity surface-forming plate of a mold for injection-molding a plastic substrate is coarsely polished, and then a surface for defining a cavity is applied with electroless Ni-P plating. The surface of the plating is polished with abrasive grains to obtain surface roughness of Ra.ltoreq.2.0 nm and Rmax.ltoreq.22 nm. The plastic substrate molded with the mold has smoothness equivalent to the polished plating surface. A concave-convex pattern for forming pits may be formed on the cavity surface. A magnetic disk or an optical disk provided with the substrate makes it possible to realize the near contact system for a magnetic or magneto-optical head. Thus, it is possible to realize high density recording.

Abstract: Three pads are disposed on the surface of a magnetic head facing to a storage medium and are brought into contact with the surface of the storage medium through a lubricant layer. The total of areas of the three pads is equal to or larger than 0.0001 mm.sup.2 and equal to or smaller than 0.02 mm.sup.2 and the height of the pads is equal to or higher than 5 .mu.m and equal to or lower than 100 .mu.m. Two pads of the three pads include tapers formed in the front thereof and are disposed in a forward position in a relative movement direction to the storage medium and one remaining pad is disposed in a backward position. The total of areas of the two pads in the forward position is set to be narrower than an area of the pad in the backward position. A writing and reading function unit is provided in the pad in the backward position.

Abstract: A leaking magnetic flux from a taper portion is canceled by utilizing an eddy current loss by using a magnetic head having a structure wherein at least a part of a magnetic pole constituting a magnetic path through a recording gap is sandwiched by conductive materials with respect to a track width direction, and a write blur quantity can be thus reduced. Further, magnetic saturation can be prevented by limiting a volume decrease at the distal end portion of the magnetic pole when the track width is reduced. Accordingly, the present invention can prevent magnetic saturation of the distal end portion of the magnetic pole resulting from the reduction of the width of the track of the recording head, can accomplish narrow-track recording by the recording head to a recording medium having high-coercive force and can reduce write blur.

Abstract: A magnetic storage apparatus includes a magnetic head having sliding front and rear pads on its sliding surface. The front pads are tapered toward their front ends and the height of the front pads are higher than the height of the rear pad. The tapered front pads are coated with a thin film. The magnetic pad is provided with a total of three pads, two pads on its front side and one pad on its rear side. The sum area of the pads is within a range of 0.0003 to 0.02 mm.sup.2. A recording and reproducing operation is performed with the front pads and the rear pad concurrently kept in contact sliding with the surface of a recording medium. A reliable contact sliding is thus performed with the pads kept in contact with the recording medium. The magnetic head reliably operates with its recording and reproducing component kept in close vicinity with the recording medium. Therefore, a reliable magnetic head and a magnetic storage apparatus employing it are provided.

Abstract: In a mobile communication system of the WACS type, frame formats are unified for DSL, HDSL, and DS1 channels. In addition, each novel base station (25) comprises a radio frame number processor for adding, to upward encrypted information data directed from mobile stations (27) towards a base control station (21), a radio frame number which is used in downward encrypted information data transmitted from the base control station to one or more of the mobile stations and may not necessarily be used in each mobile station on issuing the upward encrypted data.

Abstract: A magnetic disc apparatus has a large recording density of 120 megabits per square inch or more, and defines a relationship among a pole thickness (Pt) of thin-film magnetic heads disposed in the magnetic disc apparatus, and a saturation flux density (Bs) of cores of the heads and a recording wavelength (.lambda.) for the thin film magnetic discs have a coercivity of 1800 Oe or more, wherein a levitation space between the head and the disc is 0.15 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: A magnetic disc unit has a thin film magnetic head in which a lower magnetic core and an upper magnetic core form a magnetic circuit. The upper magnetic core is constructed by magnetic films having at least two layers. A saturation magnetic flux density of the inside magnetic film, of the magnetic films having at least two layers, facing a magnetic gap of the magnetic circuit is larger than that of the outside magnetic films of the upper magnetic core and the lower magnetic core.

Abstract: A mobile communication system is divided into a plurality of large zones, with each large zone being served by a large service area base station. The large zone is further divided into a plurality of small zones, each served by a respective one of a plurality of small service area base stations. Each base station broadcasts an identification signal for indicating a type of base station (i.e., large zone or small zone), and other necessary information relating to communication for notifying to the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal selects an optimum base station depending on certain conditions, such as the moving speed of the mobile terminal, the large zone or small zone where the mobile terminal being located, the signal receiving state from the base station currently communicating with the mobile terminal, and availability of the large zone or a small zone to be changed over by measuring signals received from other base stations.

Abstract: A method and device of head positioning in an information recording/reading device in which a magnetic recording medium with data tracks for recording information thereon is provided and a magnetic head is positioned on the data track to record/read out the information, wherein a data signal is recorded in the data recording layer of said recording medium, a servo signal is recorded in the servo signal recording layer located below said data signal recording layer, said data signal is read out using a data magnetic head whereas said servo signal is read out using a servo magnetic head, and the frequency of said servo signal is within the range of the gap-null frequency of said data magnetic head whereas the frequency of said data signal is within the range of the gap-null frequency of said servo magnetic head, and said magnetic head is positioned on the data track on the basis of said servo signal.

Abstract: In the construction of a mobile communications system wherein coder-decoder units for high-efficiency coding which should originally be placed in base stations are arranged in a concentrated manner in a mobile exchange office, a circuit changing-over switch is provided as a part of the communications circuits extending from the base stations to the mobile exchange office and the coder-decoder units in the same office. Consequently, the total number of coder-decoder units is reduced to a number which is smaller than the total number of base stations and which corresponds to the volume of traffic of the entire system. Further, when a communication channel is prepared at the time of a call origination or hand-over, since the setting of a communication channel is completed after synchronization is established between a base station and a coder-decoder unit, interruptions of the service are prevented at an initial stage of setting of a communication channel.

Abstract: A magnetic disc apparatus includes a magnetic disc for recording information; a thin film magnetic head including a magnetic pole structure having an upper magnetic pole tip and a lower magnetic pole tip arranged to provide a magnetic gap at respective end portions thereof for writing and reading information in and from the magnetic disc; a device for rotating the magnetic disc; and a device for positioning the thin film magnetic head; the upper and lower magnetic pole tips having different contours at the respective end portions as viewed from a side confronting the magnetic disc wherein the difference (.DELTA.CW in .mu.m) in the width, along the magnetic gap, of the upper magnetic pole tip and the width, along the magnetic gap, of the lower magnetic pole tip satisfies the relation0<.DELTA.CW.ltoreq.5000/Trfor the magnetic disc having a track density Tr of 1800 or more tracks per inch.