Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition from which a vulcanized rubber having excellent wear resistance and a high breaking elongation and a high breaking stress can be obtained. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a vulcanized rubber obtained by vulcanizing the rubber composition, and a rubber product and a tire comprising the rubber composition or the vulcanized rubber. The rubber composition of the present invention includes a rubber component (A), a foaming agent (B), and a polyhydric alcohol (C) having 3 or more hydroxyl groups per molecule, wherein the rubber component (A) comprises 30% by mass or more of natural rubber based on the entire rubber component, and a content of the polyhydric alcohol (C) is 1 to 6 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

Abstract: Provided is a rubber member that can, when used in a rubber article such as a tire, improve the on-ice performance of the rubber article. A first rubber member comprises a water thickening material, wherein a plurality of minute recesses are formed on a surface of the rubber member, the water thickening material is provided on an inner surface of one or more minute recesses of the plurality of minute recesses, an average coverage of the water thickening material on the inner surface of the one or more minute recesses is 10% or more, and the water thickening material satisfies a condition that, when an aqueous dispersion is prepared with a concentration of the water thickening material being 23 mass %, a viscosity of the aqueous dispersion at 25° C. and any shearing velocity of 0.01/s to 0.1/s measured by a cone-plate viscometer is 20 Pa·s or more.

Abstract: Provided is a rubber member that can, when used in a rubber article such as a tire, improve the on-ice performance of the rubber article. A rubber member comprises a nanomaterial, wherein the nanomaterial has a major axis of less than 100 nm in the case of being non-fibrous or a minor axis length of less than 100 nm and a major axis length of less than 1000 nm in the case of being fibrous, and has a content of a polar group of 100 mg/kg or more.

Abstract: A fuel supply control system for an internal combustion engine, wherein when the engine is at idle, a correction value is determined based on a difference between a desired idling engine rotational speed and an actual engine rotational speed, and an amount of fuel to be supplied to the engine is corrected by the determined correction value. Correction value-changing means sets a rate of change in the correction value relative to a change in the difference to a greater value when the detecting means detects that the engine means is not engaged with the transmission of an automotive vehicle, and to a smaller value when the detecting means detects that the engine is engaged with the transmisison.

Abstract: A method of controlling an operation of an internal combustion engine. A memory has stored therein a plurality of basic values of a control amount by which the operation of the engine is to be controlled, and which conform to at least one operating parameter of the engine, as well as at least one correction value for correcting the basic values. When each of first and second conditions is detected under which the operation of the engine is required to be controlled by respective different amounts, ones of the basic values are read from the memory, which corresponds to the value of the at least one operating parameter. When a predetermined one of the first and second conditions is detected, the at least one correction value is read from the memory, by which the read basic values are corrected by the read correction value. The operation of the engine is controlled by control amounts based upon the corrected basic values.

Abstract: A method of controlling the quantity of intake air being supplied to an internal combustion engine equipped with means for increasing the intake air quantity by a required amount in response to operating conditions of the engine. The intake air quantity increasing means is actuated for a limited period of time to increase the quantity of intake air when it is determined that a predetermined condition is satisfied for terminating interruption of the fuel supply to the engine, which is carried out at deceleration of the engine. Preferably, the intake air quantity increasing means is actuated when the rate of decrease in the rotational speed of the engine is larger than a predetermined value, while the predetermined condition is determined to be satisfied.

Abstract: A fuel injection control method for an internal combustion engine wherein synchronous fuel injection is effected in synchronism with control pulses generated at predetermined crank angle positions of the engine corresponding to suction strokes of respective engine cylinders to supply the engine with a quantity of fuel required for operating conditions of the engine, and when the engine is operating in a predetermined acceleration condition, asynchronous fuel injection is effected independently of the above control pulses to supply the engine with an additional quantity of fuel. The quantity of fuel to be supplied by the synchronous fuel injection is decreased by a predetermined amount immediately after the asynchronous fuel injection is effected. The predetermined amount of fuel corresponds to the quantity of fuel to be supplied by the asynchronous fuel injection.

Abstract: A method of controlling exhaust gas recirculation in an internal combustion engine, by means of an exhaust gas recirculation control system including an exhaust recirculating passage connected between the exhaust passage and the intake passage of the engine, an exhaust gas recirculating valve arranged across the exhaust gas recirculating passage, and differential pressure-operated actuator device for varying the opening of the exhaust gas recirculating valve. The differential pressure-operated actuator device has a pressure-responsive member displaceable in response to a pressure difference between atmospheric pressure applied to one side surface thereof and a synthetic pressure of pressure within the intake passage and atmospheric pressure, applied to the other side surface thereof. The differential pressure-operated actuator device is adapted to vary the synthetic pressure in response to at least one operating parameter of the engine to control the exhaust gas recirculating valve.

Abstract: A method of detecting the opening of a throttle valve in a fully closed position in an internal combustion engine. A first predetermined opening value larger than the minimum opening value of the throttle value determined by structural factors is stored as an initial value of a fully closed position-discriminating variable, while a second predetermined opening value smaller than the minimum opening value is stored as an initial value of a stored opening value of the throttle valve in the fully closed position detected by a throttle valve opening sensor. The fully closed position-discriminating variable is updated or set to a newly detected throttle valve opening value when the latter is smaller than the former.

Abstract: A fuel supply control method for an internal combustion engine, which supplies fuel to the engine in quantities appropriate to operating conditions thereof in synchronism with generation of pulses of a predetermined control signal. A plurality of groups of predetermined correction values for increasing the quantity of fuel to be supplied to the engine at acceleration thereof are set beforehand, which are functions of at least two operating parameters of the engine. When the engine is determined to be operating in a predetermined accelerating condition for the first time, values of the above at least two operating parameters are detected upon the same determination being obtained. One of the groups of predetermined correction values is selected, which corresponds to the detected values of the at least two operating parameters.

Abstract: A method of controlling the quantity of intake air being supplied to an internal combustion engine equipped with means for increasing the intake air quantity by a required amount in response to operating conditions of the engine. While the engine is decelerating in a condition wherein the fuel supply to the engine is interrupted, a detected value of the rotational speed of the engine is compared with a second predetermined rotational speed value which is higher than a first predetermined rotational speed value below which the interruption of the fuel supply to the engine should be terminated. When the rate of decrease in the rotational speed of the engine is larger than a predetermined value at the time the detected value of engine speed decreases across the second predetermined rotational speed value, the intake air quantity increasing means is actuated for a predetermined period of time to increase the quantity of intake air.

Abstract: A fuel system for an internal combustion engine employs a conduit connecting a fuel tank to a canister. A two-way valve in the conduit opens to permit flow when vapor pressure in the fuel tank exceeds a predetermined limit or falls below a predetermined limit. A bypass line is connected to the conduit, bypassing the two-way valve and containing an electrically-operated valve device which opens in response to closing of two series-connected switches, the first switch automatically closing when the engine is running, and the second switch closing when the engine coolant reaches a high temperature.