Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a laminate that is excellent in adhesion between the copper foil and the resin film while using a polyvinyl acetal resin having low reactivity with the copper foil. This method includes the steps of providing a copper foil having on at least one side a treated surface on which an amount of metal components is 30 atomic % or more and 40 atomic % or less, and attaching or forming a polyvinyl acetal resin film on the treated surface of the copper foil to form a laminate. The amount of metal components is a proportion of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, W, and Fe in a total amount of N, O, Si, P, S, Cl, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, W, and Fe when the treated surface is subjected to elemental analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a laminate that is excellent in adhesion between a copper foil and a resin film while using a polyvinyl acetal resin having low reactivity with the copper foil. This method includes the steps of providing a copper foil having a treated surface having a developed interfacial area ratio Sdr of 0.50% or more and 9.00% or less and a root mean square height Sq of 0.010 ?m or more and 0.200 ?m or less on at least one side, and attaching or forming a polyvinyl acetal resin film on the treated surface of the copper foil to form a laminate. The Sdr and Sq are values measured in accordance with ISO 25178 under conditions in which a cutoff wavelength of an S-filter is 0.55 ?m, and a cutoff wavelength of an L-filter is 10 ?m.

Abstract: An inter-frame encoding/decoding equipment for television signals consists of inter-frame encoding equipment encoding a difference between television signals and the output of a frame memory and inter-frame decoding equipment which receives an encoded signal sent from the inter-frame encoding device via a transmission line, which decodes by adding the output of the frame memory to the encoded signal. The inter-frame encoding equipment is provided with a first operation circuit which operates the remainders obtained by dividing, by a predetermined value, the number of bits of logic "1" in the bit groups into which the output or the input of the frame memory is divided by a predetermined unit. The inter-frame decoding equipment is provided with a second operation circuit which operates the remainders obtained by dividing, by a predetermined value, the number of bits of logic "1" in the bit groups into which the output or the input of the frame memory is divided by a predetermined unit.

Abstract: Inter-frame encoding/decoding equipment for television signals includes inter-frame encoding equipment generating an encoded signal by encoding a difference between television signals and the output of a frame memory and inter-frame decoding equipment which receives the encoded signal sent from the inter-frame encoding device via a transmission line. The decoding equipment decodes by adding its output of the frame memory to the encoded signal. The inter-frame encoding equipment is provided with a first operation circuit which calculates remainders obtained by dividing a predetermined value, into bit groups of the output or the input of the frame memory. The inter-frame decoding equipment is provided with a second operation circuit which calculates remainders obtained by dividing, the predetermined value, into the bit groups of the output or the input of its frame memory.

Abstract: The horizontal sync signal contained in the video signal from a video apparatus sometimes undergoes phase jump, resulting in failure of multiplexing of audio and video signals based on the horizontal sync signal. A sync signal switching circuit is adapted to produce a modified sync signal by switching the sync signal to a local sync signal upon occurrence of the phase jump, thereby assuring the multiplexing of audio and video signals.