Abstract: An object detecting apparatus comprises a case, a light radiation unit and a light receiver unit. The case has a light radiating window and a light receiving window. The light radiating window has a hydrophilic layer on the outermost surface of the light radiating window. The hydrophilic layer restricts water droplets remaining on the light radiating window from functioning as light collecting lenses, so that the light is radiated outward without being scattered by the water droplets. Specifically, the light radiating window further has a glass substrate at an innermost side and a photo-catalyst layer between the glass substrate and the hydrophilic layer. The hydrophilic layer is made of silicon dioxides.

Abstract: An object detecting apparatus comprises a case, a light radiation unit and a light receiver unit. The case has a light radiating window and a light receiving window. The light radiating window has a hydrophilic layer on the outermost surface of the light radiating window. The hydrophilic layer restricts water droplets remaining on the light radiating window from functioning as light collecting lenses, so that the light is radiated outward without being scattered by the water droplets. Specifically, the light radiating window further has a glass substrate at an innermost side and a photo-catalyst layer between the glass substrate and the hydrophilic layer. The hydrophilic layer is made of silicon dioxides.

Abstract: An object detecting apparatus comprises a light radiation unit and a light receiver unit disposed in a case. The case has a light radiating window and a light receiving window for transmission of laser light therethrough from the radiation unit and to the receiver unit, respectively. A step-shaped window frame is formed in the case for each window. An adhesive is pasted along the window frame and a window plate is attached to the frame, so that the window plate is fixed to the case air-tightly by the adhesive.

Abstract: An object detecting apparatus comprises a light radiation unit and a light receiver unit disposed in an outer case. The light receiver unit includes a light collecting lens and a light receiving element. The light collecting lens is integrated with an inner case that is disposed in the outer case. The inner case is resin-molded with the light collecting lens by placing the light collecting lens in a pair of dies and injecting resin into the dies. Thus, the optical axis of the light collecting lens is fixed relative to the inner case, and hence it becomes in alignment with the optical axis of the light radiated by the radiation unit when the radiation unit is attached to the inner case.

Abstract: An object detecting apparatus comprises a light radiation unit and a light receiver unit disposed in a space defined between a first case and a second case. The first case is made of light-blocking material, and the second case is made of light-transmitting material. The first case and the second case have respective flanges that contact each other along the entire periphery. The flanges are laser-welded air-tightly by radiating laser light to the flange of the first case through the flange of the second case.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method of subjecting a feed oil to a refining process. This method includes a fractional distillation step 1 in which a feed oil is separated into a distillate oil M1 and a bottom oil M2 by a distillation process, a separation step in which the bottom oil is separated into a bottom light oil and a residue, and a hydrorefining step 3 in which the obtained distillate oil M1 and the bottom oil M2 are subjected to hydrorefining in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst. In the hydrorefining step 3, the bottom light oil (deasphalted oil M3) is passed through a first catalyst layer 12 of a hydrorefining unit providing a plurality of catalyst layers 12, 13, and 13 filled with a hydrorefining catalyst, and a mixed oil comprising the distillate oil M1 and the bottom light oil (deasphalted oil M3) is passed through a downstream catalyst layer 13 and subject to a hydrogenation process.

Abstract: In a radar apparatus, a laser light generating device generates a laser light. An optical device reflects the laser light to output it in a predetermined direction. The optical device has at least two reflective surfaces with different reflectance to the laser light. A reflected light detecting device detects a reflected light when the laser light is reflected by an object. An object detecting device detects the object based on the reflected light. An intensity changing device changes an intensity of the outputted laser light by switching the reflective surfaces. Thus, it can be prevented that an intensity of the reflected light becomes too large and an accuracy of detection of the object can be improved.

Abstract: Feed oil is subject to atmospheric distillation, to thereby be separated into light oil or light distillate and atmospheric residue oil. The light distillate is catalytically contacted with pressurized hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, resulting in a first hydrotreating step being executed. In this instance, various fractions of the light distillate produced in the atmospheric distillation are subject to hydrotreating in a lump. The atmospheric residue oil is then separated into a light matter and a heavy matter. The light matter is subject to second hydrotreating in the presence of a catalyst to produce refined oil (light matter), which is mixed with refined oil produced in the first hydrotreating to prepare a mixture. The mixture is used as gas turbine fuel oil.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of lower olefins which comprises the step (A) of separating in a high-pressure state a mixed fluid (I) containing dimethyl ether (DME) and methanol at a specified ratio into a gas component (II) and a liquid component (III), separating the gas component (II) into an off-gas and DME, and then making this DME join the liquid component (III) to obtain a liquid component (IV) containing DME and methanol at a specified ratio and the step (B) of subjecting the liquid component (IV) to depressurization and then introducing it into a reactor for the preparation of olefins to form a lower olefin fraction (V). Lower olefins are prepared from a mixed fluid (I) containing DME and methanol at a specified ratio.

Abstract: A light portion is extracted from feed oil by a separation system. The light portion is then subject to a hydrotreatment to obtain impurity-removed fuel oil which is stored in an intermediate tank. A residue of the feed oil after extraction of the light portion is gasified to obtain syngas (H2 gas+CO gas) which is used as basic fuel for power generation in a power generation system. The fuel oil is fed to the power generation system as auxiliary fuel for supplementing the power generation based on the syngas. The power generation system includes a plurality of gas turbines and generators. The number of the gas turbines to be driven by the fuel oil is controlled to adjust the power generation amount depending on demand.

Abstract: A refined oil is obtained by using a heavy oil having a hydrogen content of 12 wt % or less as a feed oil, and after carrying out a solvent extraction process such that the hydrogen content increases by 0.2 wt % over that of the feed oil, hydrorefining process is carried out such that the hydrogen content increases by 0.5 wt % over the extracted oil. Thereby, an inexpensive heavy oil can be used as a feedstock, and using a simple and reliable method, refined oil can be produced.

Abstract: The oil refining method according to the present invention comprises the fractional distillation process 1 for distilling and separating the feed oil into the distillate M1 and the residue M2; the hydrorefining process 2 wherein at least a part of the distillate M1 is refined by hydrogenation and desulfurized thereby to obtain the hydrorefined oil M3; the solvent deasphalting process 3 wherein the residue M2 is deasphalted with a solvent thereby to obtain the deasphalted oil M4 as an extract and asphaltene (pitch) M5 as the residue; the hydrodemetalizating/desulfurizing process 4 wherein at least a part of the deasphalted oil M4 is demetalized and desulfurized by hydrogenation thereby to obtain the HDMS refined oil M6; and the first mixing process 5 wherein a part of the HDMS refined oil M6 and at least a part of the hydrorefined oil M3 are mixed thereby to produce oil products.

Abstract: According to the method of manufacturing refined oil of the present invention, refined oil which has a viscosity of 20 cst or lower at 135° C., a pour point of 30° C. or lower, an alkali metal content of 1 wt ppm or less, a vanadium content of 10 wt ppm or less and a sulfur content of 0.3 wt % or lower can be prepared, by bringing feed oil into contact with hydrogen in the presence of the demetalizing/desulfurizing catalyst 3 and the hydrogenolysis catalyst 5. This method can decrease the viscosity, pour point and sulfur concentration of the refined oil to sufficiently low levels, and decreases the production cost.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing lower olefins, comprising:

Abstract: The process for desulfurizing a gas oil fraction according to the invention comprises a low-boiling gas oil fraction hydrodesulfurization step (I) wherein a low-boiling gas oil fraction is desulsurized under the condition of a H2/Oil ratio of 70 to 200 Nm3/kl to obtain a treated oil, a high-boiling gas oil fraction hydrodesulfurization step (II) wherein a high-boiling gas oil fraction is desulsurized under the condition of a H2Oil ratio of 200 to 800 Nm3/kl to obtain a treated oil, and a step (III) wherein the treated oil obtained in the step (I) is mixed with the treated oil obtained in the step (II), and in this process, at least a part of a gas containing unreacted hydrogen in the step (II) is used for the hydrodesulfurization of the step (I). According to the invention, there can be provided a process and an apparatus for desulfurizing a gas oil fraction, which are capable of using hydrogen and energy efficiently and capable of producing a highly desulfurized gas oil in a small catalytic amount.

Abstract: An optical scanner and a two-dimensional scanning device using the same are provided. The optical scanner includes a scanning mechanism and a swing support. The swing support is designed to support the scanning mechanism on a housing so as to allow the scanning mechanism to swing and made up of a plurality of springs. The springs are so constructed so as resist unwanted vibrations acting on the optical scanner in directions different from a scan direction, thereby ensuring a stable scan of a light beam at all the time.

Abstract: A petroleum processing method comprising the steps of: performing an atmospheric distillation of crude oil; collectively hydrodesulfurizing the resultant distillates consisting of gas oil and fractions whose boiling point is lower than that of gas oil in a reactor in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at 310 to 370° C. under 30 to 70 kg/cm2G (first hydrogenation step); and further performing hydrodesulfurization at lower temperatures (second hydrogenation step). When the second hydrogenation step is carried out only for the heavy naphtha obtained by separating the distillates after the first hydrogenation step, the second hydrogenation temperature can be in the range of 250 to 400° C.

Abstract: A petroleum processing method comprising the steps of: performing an atmospheric distillation of crude oil; collectively hydrodesulfurizing the resultant distillates consisting of gas oil and fractions whose boiling point is lower than that of gas oil in a reactor in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at 310 to 370° C. under 30 to 70 kg/cm2G (first hydrogenation step); and further performing hydrodesulfurization at lower temperatures (second hydrogenation step). When the second hydrogenation step is carried out only for the heavy naphtha obtained by separating the distillates after the first hydrogenation step, the second hydrogenation temperature can be in the range of 250 to 400° C. The hydrodesulfurization having been performed for each of gas oil, kerosene, heavy naphtha and light naphtha in the art can be collectively and efficiently carried out, so that the oil refinery plant can be simplified and so that the cost of oil refinery equipment and running cost can be reduced.

Abstract: An optical scanner and a two-dimensional scanning device using the same are provided. The optical scanner includes a scanning mechanism and a swing support. The swing support is designed to support the scanning mechanism on a housing so as to allow the scanning mechanism to swing and made up of a plurality of springs. The springs are so constructed so as resist unwanted vibrations acting on the optical scanner in directions different from a scan direction, thereby ensuring a stable scan of a light beam at all the time.

Abstract: Use is made of a high-speed agitator comprising vessel 2 rotated at a low speed and bladed agitating element 3 rotated at a high speed in direction reverse to that of the vessel 2, the bladed agitating element 3 having a rotary axis arranged parallel to, and located apart from, the rotary axis of the vessel 2. Petroleum residuum such as solvent deasphalting residuum is agitated together with a grinding auxiliary and water in the high-speed agitator so that the petroleum residuum is ground. Thereafter, a dispersant is added thereto to form a slurry and the viscosity thereof is adjusted to a given value. A stabilizer is further added thereto to obtain a stable slurry. The dispersant and the stabilizer may be placed in the high-speed agitator prior to the grinding of the petroleum residuum. Thus, there is provided a process in which a high-concentration petroleum residuum-water slurry with a desirable particle size distribution, being cheap and highly stable, can easily be obtained by a one-stage grinding.