Abstract: A method of manufacturing a substrate having recessed portions for microlenses, the substrate being provided with a plurality of recessed portions on a surface thereof and the microlenses being formed by supplying resin to each of the recessed portions, the method includes: forming an etching mask film; forming through holes in regions of the etching mask film where the recessed portions are formed by irradiating laser beams onto the regions and modifying the entire etching mask film by heating; and forming the recessed portions on the surface of the substrate by bringing an etchant into contact with the surface of the substrate exposed by the through holes.

Abstract: A developer cartridge including a frame, a developer supplying section, a developer housing section, and an extension portion is provided. The frame includes a first side wall and a second side wall, and the first side wall and the second side wall extend substantially in a length direction. The developer supplying section supplies a developer to a photosensitive body cartridge, and the developer supplying section extends in a width direction substantially perpendicular to the length direction from the first side wall to the second side wall. The developer housing section houses the developer, and the developer housing section extends in the width direction between the first side wall and the second side wall. The developer housing section includes an open end at which the developer housing section adjoins the developer supplying section, and a closed end opposite from the open end.

Abstract: A developer cartridge including a frame, a developer housing section, a developer supplying section, a developer electrode, and an input gear is provided. The frame includes a first side wall and a second side wall, and the first side wall and the second side wall extend substantially in a length direction. The developer housing section, for housing a developer, extends from the first side wall to the second side wall in a width direction substantially perpendicular to the length direction. The developer supplying section, for supplying the developer to a photosensitive member, extends from the first side wall to the second side wall in the width direction and houses a developer carrying member. The developer carrying member includes a developer carrying member shaft and a developer carrying member body that is supported on the developer carrying member shaft. The developer carrying member shaft extends in the width direction and is rotatably supported by the first side wall and the second side wall.

Abstract: A brush holder for use in a process cartridge is integrally formed with a brush attachment portion, an extended end portion, a central extended portion, a downward extended portion, an electrode connection portion, and an electrode portion. The brush holder is formed longer than a brush. A holder supporting wall is provided at a brush mounting portion. The brush holder is supported by fitting a recess defined between the brush attachment portion and the downward extended portion onto the holder supporting wall.

Abstract: It is intended to realize a multi-channel measurement system and a power supply method for the system, the system being capable of performing maintenance of each of channel units and detectors without interrupting a power supply to the overall system. The multi-channel measurement system having a plurality of channel units each of which has a detector and performs measurement operation using a detection output from the detector and a power unit which supplies power to the channel units is characterized by a plurality of sub-switches respectively provided for the channel units, each of the sub-switches interrupting the power supply to the relevant channel unit, and a control unit for outputting a result of arithmetic processing of measurement outputs from the channel units and controlling the interruptions by the sub-switches.

Abstract: To provide a paintwork coating composition that is harmless to the environments and humans and enables a paintwork to be fully coated by the application of only a small quantity of coating composition and also provide a coating cloth that provides a smooth rubbing work in the coating process and can develop a good water-repellent property and a good antifouling property, water dispersion comprising polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropolyether is prepared as the coating composition, and also the coating composition is impregnated in a cloth having a basis weight of (unit representing mass per unit area of fabric, a gram number per square meter) 30–300 g/m2 and a density of 0.02–0.3 g/cm3 under load condition of 1.961 KPa.

Abstract: A developer cartridge includes: a casing that stores a developer and is provided with a window hole; a stopper nail provided the window holes; and a window member having a transmission portion that transmits light passing through the window hole, and a stopped portion in which the stopper nail is fitted, wherein the window member is closely retained in the window hole by fitting the stopper nail in the stopped portion.

Abstract: A calibration method in which secular change in sensor output values obtained at calibration times is estimated and the next calibration date can be determined at an appropriate interval and a zirconia-type oxygen analyzer using the above calibration method is achieved. The present invention is characterized by the fact that, in a calibration method in which a standard sample having a known value is measured and the output value of a measuring instrument corresponding to a sensor output value at the time of measurement is calibrated, the sensor output value obtained in implemented calibrating operations is stored in succession as the data for calibration history and the state of secular change in said sensor output value is estimated based on the stored past data for calibration history to determine the next calibration date.

Abstract: A technique for driving a PDP, which includes scan and sustain electrodes arranged in pairs, data electrodes arranged alternately with the scan electrodes, and sub-fields for one TV field to display a multi-gradation, includes applying a reset pulse voltage to the sustain electrodes, applying a first voltage alternately to the scan electrodes and the sustain electrodes to cause a sustain discharge, and after applying a second voltage to the sustain electrodes or removing part of the first voltage applied to the sustain electrodes, applying third and fourth voltages to the scan electrodes and the data electrodes, respectively, before applying the first voltage, to erase wall charges in cells defined by the sustain electrodes, the data electrodes, and the scan electrodes.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes an image holding member that is capable of holding a developing agent image thereon, a shaft that supports the image holding member, a bearing portion that receives the shaft, a charging device that is capable of charging the image holding member, and a first frame that supports the bearing portion and the charging device.

Abstract: A transmitting system, which is capable of transmitting a signal for positioning to an area where radio waves are hardly received, is provided. The transmitting system for transmitting the signal for positioning includes a GPS compatible mixer combining a GPS signal for positioning received by a GPS antenna and a BS broadcasting signal received by a BS antenna and outputting the combined signal, a BS-IF compatible amplifier amplifying the signal output from the GPS compatible mixer and outputting the amplified signal, a separator separating the signal output from the BS-IF compatible amplifier into a BS broadcasting signal and a GPS signal, a BS tuner receiving an input of the BS broadcasting signal output from the separator and obtaining a signal of a channel tuned by a user, a GPSBP filter passing a GPS signal included in a predetermined frequency band out of the signal output from the separator, and a GPS issuing unit.

Abstract: A developing cartridge includes a developing roller, wherein a bias voltage is capable of being applied to the developing roller; and a developer-side electrode portion that is electrically connected with a shaft member of the developing roller, wherein the developer-side electrode portion is positioned at the bottom of the developing roller in order to apply the bias voltage to the developing roller, and the developing cartridge is capable of being mounted to an image holding body cartridge with an image holding body that holds a developing agent image formed by a development of an electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: A process unit and an image forming apparatus including an image holding member that holds an image thereon, a first cleaning roller that contacts a surface of the image holding member, a second cleaning roller that contacts a surface of the first cleaning roller, and a bearing member that integrally forms a first bearing and a second bearing on a base element, the first bearing supporting the first cleaning roller rotatably and the second bearing supporting the second cleaning roller rotatably.