Abstract: The present invention relates to a polishing apparatus and a polishing method for polishing a flat portion of a substrate, such as a wafer. The polishing apparatus (100) includes: a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate (W) and rotate the substrate W; a polishing-tape feeding mechanism (141) configured to advance a polishing tape (3) in its longitudinal direction; and at least one polishing head (10) arranged near a flat portion of the substrate (W), wherein the polishing head (10) has a fluid pressing structure (12) configured to press the polishing tape (3) with fluid against the flat portion of the substrate, and the fluid pressing structure (12) has a fluid supply port (13) arranged so as to face a back surface of the polishing tape (3).

Abstract: An intermediate command generation unit generates intermediate commands, which are intermediate rendering commands having model data for rendering an object. A graphics command conversion unit converts the generated intermediate commands into a graphic command sequence for execution by a graphics processor. An identity determination unit determines whether a state of a graphics command to be generated from an intermediate command is the same as a state of the graphics command generated previously. A graphics command generation unit generates a graphics command determined by the identity determination unit as not having the same state, and does not generate a graphics command determined as having the same state, defining the command as a redundant command.

Abstract: In a vehicle lighting apparatus in which the irradiation direction of lamps provided at the left and right portions of an automobile can be deflected to the left and right directions in association with the steering operation of a steering apparatus, the deflection angles of the left and right lamps are changed in different manners in accordance with a vehicle speed, for example. For example, at the time of steering to the right, when a vehicle speed is a predetermined value or less, only the right lamp is subjected to the deflecting operation, while when a vehicle speed exceeds the predetermined value, both the right and left lamps are simultaneously subjected to the deflecting operation. The deflection angles of the left and right lamps are differentiated in accordance with the speed change of an automobile.

Abstract: An irradiating direction control apparatus includes an identifier for determining a difference in a load state of the vehicle corresponding to a passenger or carrying capacity. In an initialization performed to eliminate influence of an installation error of a vehicle height detector, a storage device stores data indicative of the installation error, based on a difference between a reference vehicle height corresponding to a load state of the vehicle determined by the identifier, and an actual vehicle height. Then, an irradiation controller obtains the attitude of the vehicle from vehicle height data corrected by using data stored in the storage device for vehicle height detection data, and controls a direction of an optical axis of irradiation of a lighting unit. The reference vehicle height value is changed corresponding to the vehicle load state in initialization, thereby reducing a control error related to the correction of the optical axis of irradiation.

Abstract: A device is provided with: a counter 11 for measuring a period of time from turning on an electronic apparatus 1 to receiving via a network 3 a first network event that occurs after turning on the electronic apparatus 1; and a value determining section 12 for determining a value of an initial random number on the basis of the time information obtained by the counter 11. In this device, an initial random number for random numbers is generated utilizing the fact that the first network event is received in a “random” period of time after turning on the electronic apparatus 1. In addition, since existing electronic apparatuses are generally provided with various devices including the counter 11 and a CPU with the value determining section 12, an initial random number for random numbers can be generated utilizing an existing hardware configuration.

Abstract: In a vehicle lighting apparatus in which the irradiation direction of lamps provided at the left and right portions of an automobile can be deflected to the left and right directions in association with the steering operation of a steering apparatus, the deflection angles of the left and right lamps are changed in different manners in accordance with a vehicle speed, for example. For example, at the time of steering to the right, when a vehicle speed is a predetermined value or less, only the right lamp is subjected to the deflecting operation, while when a vehicle speed exceeds the predetermined value, both the right and left lamps are simultaneously subjected to the deflecting operation. The deflection angles of the left and right lamps are differentiated in accordance with the speed change of an automobile.

Abstract: An encryption apparatus 1 for performing an encrypting process and an encrypted data decrypting process is mounted to terminate the security by encryption between personal computers 7 to 9 on which encryption software is installed. For example, by connecting the apparatus between terminals 2 to 4 and the personal computers 7 to 9, the encryption can be used in an in-house LAN having the terminals 2 to 4 on which encryption software cannot be installed. Thus, a secure network 10 almost free of the risk of tapping of the confidential information in the LAN by an external unauthorized entry or attach can be successfully designed.

Abstract: An encryption apparatus 1 includes encryption/decryption means for performing an encrypting/decrypting process on data to terminate encryption-based security between the encryption apparatus and a terminal having an encrypting capability. Further, a manager terminal 12 can be used in inputting various information for controlling encrypted-data communications into each of the encryption apparatus 1 and terminals 7-9 remotely from the manager terminal, so that settings for the encrypted data communications on each of the apparatus and the terminals are completed. Furthermore, the encryption system is formed by connecting the encryption apparatus 1, the manager terminal 12 and the terminals 2-9 which are capable of encrypted data communications. This configuration makes it possible for an in-house LAN including terminals where installation of a dedicated encryption program is impossible to utilize the encryption.

Abstract: In a headlamp comprising low beam irradiating, there are provided main beam irradiating means, light distribution switching means for switching a low beam and a main beam, abnormality detecting means for detecting an abnormal situation in which a proper low beam cannot be formed, and optical axis tilting means for vertically tilting an optical axis of at least a main beam, and the abnormality detecting means detects an abnormality, a light distribution is switched into a main beam by the light distribution switching and the optical axis of the main beam is turned downward by the optical axis tilting means. When a proper low beam cannot be formed, a main beam having a larger light amount is generally turned on to maintain a visibility in of a vehicle and the optical axis of the main beam is turned downward such that glare light is not generated.

Abstract: An irradiating direction control device 1 of a lamp 7 for a vehicle carries out an operation for a vehicle attitude based on detection information obtained by vehicle height detecting means 2 and changes the irradiating direction of the lamp according to the vehicle attitude. Nonvolatile storage means 4 is caused to store data indicate of an actual vehicle height value in the reference state of the vehicle attitude or a difference between the actual vehicle height value and a vehicle height value for a vehicle design, thereby calculating the tilt of the vehicle attitude based on vehicle height data corrected by the stored data at time of irradiation control and controlling the irradiating direction of the lamp correspondingly.

Abstract: An irradiating direction control apparatus includes an identifier for determining a difference in a load state of the vehicle corresponding to a passenger or carrying capacity. In an initialization performed to eliminate influence of an installation error of a vehicle height detector, a storage device stores data indicative of the installation error, based on a difference between a reference vehicle height corresponding to a load state of the vehicle determined by the identifier, and an actual vehicle height. Then, an irradiation controller obtains the attitude of the vehicle from vehicle height data corrected by using data stored in the storage device for vehicle height detection data, and controls a direction of an optical axis of irradiation of a lighting unit. The reference vehicle height value is changed corresponding to the vehicle load state in initialization, thereby reducing a control error related to the correction of the optical axis of irradiation.

Abstract: An irradiating direction control apparatus 1 of a headlamp for a vehicle includes vehicle posture detecting means 2 for detecting a change in the posture of the vehicle, irradiation control means 3 for calculating a pitch angle indicative of a vertical inclined posture in a direction of advance of the vehicle based on detected information thereof and computing a control amount for correcting an optical axis of irradiation related to the headlamp 5, and setting a ground angle of the optical axis of the irradiation in a deceleration (or an acceleration) of the vehicle to be smaller (or greater) than a ground reference angle of the optical axis of the irradiation during stop or constant speed running of the vehicle, thereby carrying out a correcting calculation for maintaining a forward visible distance of the vehicle to be constant, and driving means 4 for changing a direction of the optical axis of the irradiation of the headlamp 5 upon receipt of a control command sent from the irradiation control means 3.

Abstract: An irradiation direction control apparatus 1 for a vehicular lamp has a vehicle height detecting means 2 for detecting change in the height of an axle portion of at least one of front wheels and rear wheels. The detecting means 2 sends irradiation control means 4 detection information representing the detected change in the height. The irradiation control means 4 calculates a moving average value of data representing change in the height of the axle portion or representing the pitch angle every predetermined time period, and subsequently obtains a second moving average value of the calculated moving average. Further, the control means 4 generates a control signal according to the obtained moving average value, and controls the irradiation direction of the lamp 6 so that the irradiation direction thereof is maintained at all times in a fixed direction.

Abstract: In a headlamp comprising low beam irradiating means 21a and 23, there are provided main beam irradiating means 31a and 33, light distribution switching means 50 for switching a low beam and a main beam, abnormality detecting means (a light distribution switching circuit) 50 for detecting an abnormal situation in which a proper low beam cannot be formed, and optical axis tilting means 40 for vertically tilting an optical axis L31 of at least a main beam, and in the case in which the abnormality detecting means (the light distribution switching circuit) 50 detects an abnormality, a light distribution is switched into a main beam by the light distribution switching circuit 50 and the optical axis L31 of the main beam is turned downward by the optical axis tilting means 40.

Abstract: An irradiating direction control device 1 of a lamp 7 for a vehicle carries out an operation for a vehicle attitude based on detection information obtained by vehicle height detecting means 2 and changes the irradiating direction of the lamp according to the vehicle attitude. Nonvolatile storage means 4 is caused to store data indicate of an actual vehicle height value in the reference state of the vehicle attitude or a difference between the actual vehicle height value and a vehicle height value for a vehicle design, thereby calculating the tilt of the vehicle attitude based on vehicle height data corrected by the stored data at time of irradiation control and controlling the irradiating direction of the lamp correspondingly.

Abstract: An irradiation direction control apparatus 1 for a vehicular lamp has a vehicle height detecting means 2 for detecting change in the height of an axle portion of at least one of front wheels and rear wheels. The detecting means 2 sends irradiation control means 4 detection information representing the detected change in the height. The irradiation control means 4 calculates a moving average value of data representing change in the height of the axle portion or representing the pitch-angle every predetermined time period, and subsequently obtains a second moving average value of the calculated moving average. Further, the control means 4 generates a control signal according to the obtained moving average value, and controls the irradiation direction of the lamp 6 so that the irradiation direction thereof is maintained at all times in a fixed direction.

Abstract: An automatic leveling apparatus includes a headlamp whose light axis is pivoted in a vertical direction relative to a vehicle body by an actuator 10; a control unit 16 for controlling the operation of the actuator 10; vehicle velocity detection device 12 for detection of the speed of the vehicle; and pitch angle detection device 14 for detecting a pitch angle of the vehicle. When the pitch angle detection device 14 detects a pitch angle &thgr;2 while the vehicle is in a stable traveling state, the control unit 16 controls the operation of the actuator 10 in consideration of the pitch angle &thgr;2. Consequently, the actuator is prevented from being controlled on the basis of a pitch angle obtained when the vehicle stops facing downhill or in an unnatural position such as in which the wheels on one side of the vehicle are on the curb.

Abstract: An automatic leveling apparatus includes a headlamp whose light axis is pivoted in a vertical direction relative to a vehicle body by an actuator 10; a control unit 16 for controlling the operation of the actuator 10; vehicle speed detection device 12 for detection of the speed of the vehicle; and pitch angle detection device 14 for detecting a pitch angle of the vehicle. When the pitch angle detection device 14 detects a pitch angle &thgr;2 while the vehicle is in a stable traveling state, the control unit 16 controls the operation of the actuator 10 in consideration of the pitch angle &thgr;2. Consequently, the actuator is prevented from being controlled on the basis of a pitch angle obtained when the vehicle stops facing downhill or in an unnatural position such as in which the wheels on one side of the vehicle are on the curb.

Abstract: A radiating direction control unit 1 of a lighting device for a vehicle for controlling a radiating direction of the lighting device 6 in accordance with the pitch angle of the vehicle. The radiation direction control unit includes an axle level detector 2 which detects a change in the level of a front or a rear axle of the vehicle, and a vehicle inclination detector 3 for detecting an inclination of the vehicle in the transverse direction. A pitch angle of the vehicle is determined based on respective signals emitted by the axle level detector and the vehicle inclination detector. A radiation direction controller corrects a radiating direction of the lighting device only when a change in the inclination of the vehicle in the transverse direction is not detected by the inclined attitude detection means 3. Accordingly, the radiating direction of the lighting device 6 is not changed due to a change in the vehicle attitude which does not affect the pitch angle of the vehicle.

Abstract: A lighting-direction control unit 1 for a lamp of a vehicle incorporates a vehicle-height detecting means 2 for detecting change in the height of an axle of front wheels or that of rear wheel of the vehicle. In response to a signal representing the detected height of the vehicle, the pitch angle of the vehicle is obtained to change the lighting direction of a lamp 6 to correspond to the change in the attitude of the vehicle. A means 3 for detecting the change rate of acceleration for obtaining the change rate of acceleration with respect to time in the direction in which the vehicle runs is provided. When the change rate with respect to time is high, a lighting control means 4 transmits a control signal to an operating means 5 in such a manner that the response of the control of the lighting direction of the lamp 6 is quickened. Therefore, delay in the control is prevented when the change in the acceleration is great.