Abstract: A liquid crystal device using a simple matrix panel which is driven by seven level potentials including PV3, PV2, PV1, VC, MV1, MV2, and MV3 in 4-line simultaneous selection driving at a high duty n1. The bias ratio c1 at this time is (PV2−VC)/L/PV3. In 4-line simultaneous selection driving at a low duty n2, the liquid crystal device is driven by five levels including PV2, PV1, VC, MV1, and MV2 by stopping the operation of third and fourth voltage raising circuits (230) and (232). The bias ratio c2 at this time is (PV2−VC)/L/PV2. When changing the duty, the relation n1·c12=n2·c22 is satisfied. This eliminates the need for contrast adjustment each time the duty is changed. A voltage-raising multiplying factor “k” in a third voltage raising circuit (230) satisfies the relation k=PV3/PV2. Therefore, n2=n1·(c1/c2)2=n1·(1/k)2 is realized.

Abstract: An active matrix electrophoretic display is driven. In a reset period Tr a reset voltage is applied to each pixel electrode. Next, in a writing period an applied voltage is applied to each of said pixel electrode during a time period corresponding to a gradation value designated by an image data. Next, a common voltage is applied to each of said pixel electrode, so that electric charge accumulated in each capacitor is taken away and no electric field is applied to each dispersal system, thereby a displayed image is held.

Abstract: A dispersion medium, for dispersing electrophoretic particles in an electrophoretic display device, contains an organic compound having two or more rings in its structural formula, where the organic compound comprises at least about 30% by weight of the dispersion medium. The thus constituted dispersion medium improves the reliability and response of the electrophoretic device. The organic compound comprises one or more of the materials defined by the structural formulae (1) to (4), wherein each of A1 to A6, C1, and C2 are ring compounds.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrophoretic display panel is provided. In the first process, elements including TFTs are formed on an element substrate, thereby pixel electrodes being produced thereon. In the second process, a bulkhead is placed on the element substrate. In the third process, an ink jet type of dispersion charging apparatus is used to charge the dispersion into divided cells partitioned by the bulkhead. In the fourth process, an upper opening of the bulkhead is sealed with a sealer. And in the fifth process, an opposing substrate on which a common electrode is formed is applied to the sealer in a manner that the common electrode faces the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electro-optical device for displaying sharp color images at low cost. The electro-optical device can include a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, an electro-optical layer which is disposed between the first and second substrates and which includes electrophoretic particles and a dispersion medium, and a colored layer which is located at a position corresponding to the electro-optical layer and which includes at least one color element, wherein at least a part of the dispersion medium has substantially the same color as that of the color element.

Abstract: A driving method of a display device in which the number of voltage levels of scanning lines during a non-selection period is only one, and the voltage level of a data line corresponding to a display element that present no image is set to the voltage level of the scanning lines during the non-selection period. The power consumption of the display device is thus reduced. A minimum area of the entire screen of the device is used for image presentation while the remaining area is set to a display-off state (display-off mode) using the above driving method, and thus the power consumption of the display device, for example, in a standby state is reduced. Each of the display-enabled area and the display-off area is flexibly set. A combination of a multi-line driving method and the above driving method helps further reduce power consumption.

Abstract: A dispersion medium, for dispersing electrophoretic particles in an electrophoretic display device, contains an organic compound having two or more rings in its structural formula, where the organic compound comprises at least about 30% by weight of the dispersion medium. The thus constituted dispersion medium improves the reliability and response of the electrophoretic device. The organic compound comprises one or more of the materials defined by the structural formulae (1) to (4), wherein each of A1 to A6, C1, and C2 are ring compounds.

Abstract: An electrooptical device comprises an electrooptical layer between electrodes. The electrooptical layer includes a dispersion medium and particles contained in the dispersion medium. The particles are colored a first color, while the dispersion medium is colored a second color. The first and second colors are related to each other based on a relationship of complementary colors.

Abstract: An active matrix electrophoretic display is driven. In a reset period Tr a reset voltage is applied to each pixel electrode. Next, in a writing period an applied voltage is applied to each of said pixel electrode during a time period corresponding to a gradation value designated by an image data. Next, a common voltage is applied to each of said pixel electrode, so that electric charge accumulated in each capacitor is taken away and no electric field is applied to each dispersal system, thereby a displayed image is held.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrophoretic display panel is provided. In the first process, elements including TFTs are formed on an element substrate, thereby pixel electrodes being produced thereon. In the second process, a bulkhead is placed on the element substrate. In the third process, an ink jet type of dispersion charging apparatus is used to charge dispersion into divided cells partitioned by the bulkhead. In the fourth process, an upper opening of the bulkhead is sealed with a sealer. And in the fifth process, an opposing substrate on which a common electrode is formed is applied to the sealer in a manner that the common electrode faces the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A driving method of a display device in which the number of voltage levels of scanning lines during a non-selection period is only one, and the voltage level of a data line corresponding to a display element that present no image is set to the voltage level of the scanning lines during the non-selection period. The power consumption of the display device is thus reduced.

Abstract: A method for driving an active matrix electrophoretic display is provided. In a resetting period Tr, reset data Drest is supplied to a data line drive circuit and a reset voltage is applied to each pixel electrode. Next in a writing period, an image data is supplied to a data line drive circuit and a gradation voltage is applied to each pixel electrode. Subsequently a common voltage is applied to it, in order to take charge which is accumulated between the electrodes away, applying no electric field to a dispersal system. Then a displayed image is held.

Abstract: A driving method of a display device in which the number of voltage levels of scanning lines during a non-selection period is only one, and the voltage level of a data line corresponding to a display element that presents no image is set to the voltage level of the scanning lines during the non-selection period. The power consumption of the display device is thus reduced. A minimum area of the entire screen of the device is used for image presentation while the remaining area is set to a display-off state (display-off mode) using the above driving method, and thus the power consumption of the display device, for example, in a standby state is reduced. Each of the display-enabled area and the display-off area is flexibly set. A combination of a multi-line driving method and the above driving method helps further reduce power consumption.