Abstract: A method of preparing a plastic mask for paste printing with a plastic sheet being provided with an area containing a predetermined pattern including one or more through-holes is carried out by the steps of bringing the plastic mask provided with electroconductive material on at least one surface into close contact with a printing material while applying an electrical ground potential to the electroconductive material and then using the mask for paste printing by spreading and pressing a past to cause it to pass through any of the through-holes forming the predetermined pattern for deposit on the printing material and then removing the mask from the printing material to leave the paste printing pattern.

Abstract: An intaglio printing method and an intaglio printer are proposed, which are suitable for forming a wiring pattern and/or bumps such as bump electrodes on a print receiving material on which printing is to be performed, such as a substrate and a semiconductor package, using a paste or a fused metal. In addition, a method of forming the wiring pattern and the bumps such as bump electrodes on the printing substrate, using the intaglio printing method, a method for forming a wiring pattern, an apparatus for carrying out the method of forming the wiring pattern, the bump electrode and the wiring pattern are proposed.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a plastic mask for paste printing with a plastic sheet being irradiated with an excimer laser beam for forming at least one penetrating opening containing area including at least one through-hole in the plastic sheet is carried out by the steps of bringing a polymer film capable of absorbing at least part of the excimer laser beam into close contact with a back surface of the plastic sheet which is opposite to an excimer laser beam irradiation side thereof which is to be irradiated with the excimer laser beam; forming at least one penetrating opening containing area including at least one through-hole in the plastic sheet by irradiating the excimer laser beam irradiation side thereof with the excimer laser beam; and removing the polymer film from the plastic sheet after the formation of the penetrating opening containing area. By use of a plastic mask fabricated by the above method, a paste printing is also carried out.

Abstract: A deposition-preventing part, particularly a masking tool, which is used over an area to be protected from adhesion of a physical vapor deposition film, for physical vapor deposition apparatuses which are used to form physical vapor deposition films of metals, particularly noble metals, on CD-ROM, CD-R or CD-E substrates. One or more of a solder-plated Cu wire, a solder-plated Cu foil tape, an Al foil tape and a synthetic resin tape are attached, in a peelable manner, on a solder film formed on the surface of the substrate of a deposition-preventing part such as a masking tool, which has a surface roughness of 0.01-1 .mu.m when expressed as the arithmetic mean roughness defined according to JIS B 0601, a thickness of 5-100 .mu.m and a melting point of 100-450.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a plastic mask for paste printing with a plastic sheet being irradiated with an excimer laser beam for forming at least one penetrating opening container area including at least one through-hole in the plastic sheet is carried out by the steps of bringing a polymer film capable of absorbing at least part of the excimer laser beam into close contact with a back surface of the plastic sheet which is opposite to an excimer laser beam irradiation side thereof which is to be irradiated with the excimer laser beam; forming at least one penetrating opening containing area including at least one through-hole in the plastic sheet by irradiating the excimer laser beam irradiation side thereof with the excimer laser beam; and removing the polymer film from the plastic sheet after the formation of the penetrating opening containing area. By use of a plastic mask fabricated by the above method, a pasta printing is also carried out.

Abstract: A process for producing a glass having a rod refractive index distribution, which includes pressing a glass at a temperature below the glass transition temperature to form a glass having a density increased towards the surface layer thereof, or alternatively includes heating a glass at a temperature around the transition temperature at the lowest to prepare glass having a uniformly enhanced density and heating the treated glass under a pressure lower than the applied pressure at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the glass to prepare a rod glass having a density increased towards the central portion.

Abstract: There is disclosed a single crystalline fibrous superconductive composition represented by the atomic compositional formula: Bi.sub.2 Sr.sub.2 CaCu.sub.2 M.sub.X O.sub.Y wherein 0<X<0.5; 7.8<Y<8.5; and M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Pb, Sn, Sb, In, Cd, Ga, Ge, K, Li, and Na. This composition is prepared by a process comprising the step of mixing source material with one another to prepare a mixture having an atomic compositional ratio: Bi=1.00, Sr=0.5.about.2.0, Ca=0.5.about.5.0, Cu=1.0.about.7.0, and M=0.1.about.1.0, wherein M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Pb, Sn, Sb, In, Cd, Ga, Ge, K, Li, and Na, the step of melting the mixture to prepare a molten material having an atomic compositional ratio: Bi=1.00, Sr=0.5.about.2.0, Ca=0.5.about.5.0, Cu=1.0.about.7.0, M=0.1.about.1.0, and O=3.5.about.8.

Abstract: A sputtering target of platinum-cobalt alloy is disclosed which contains 10 to 55% by weight of platinum; 1 to 15% by weight of a first additional element selected from the group consisting of nickel and tantalum; no more than 1.5% by weight of a second additional element selected from the group consisting of boron, titanium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, beryllium, calcium, zirconium, and silicon; no more than 20% by weight of chromium; and balance cobalt. A method for manufacturing the sputtering target is also disclosed. In the method, a platinum-cobalt alloy containing specific ingredients in predetermined amounts is first prepared. Then, the platinum-cobalt alloy is subjected to hot plastic working with a thickness reduction of no less than 30%. Subsequently, the alloy thus hot worked is subjected to a cold plastic working with a thickness reduction of no less than 5% at a temperature less than the recrystallization temperature of the alloy.

Abstract: A process for producing a rod glass having a refractive index distribution, which includes pressing a glass at a temperature below the glass transition temperature to form a glass having a density increased towards the surface layer thereof, or alternatively includes heating a glass at a temperature around the transition temperature at the lowest to prepare glass having a uniformly enhanced density and heating the treated glass under a pressure lower than the applied pressure at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the glass to prepare a glass having a density increased towards the central portion.

Abstract: A process for producing a fibrous crystal or single crystal of a superconductor comprising bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, lead and oxygen, having an atomic composition ratio represented by the formula Bi.sub.2-x Pb.sub.x Sr.sub.1.9-2.1 Ca.sub.1.9-2.1 Cu.sub.3 o.sub.y wherein 0<.times.<0.4 and 10.0<y<11.0, and having a Bi.sub.2 Sr.sub.2 Ca.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.10 structure (2223 structure).

Abstract: A hollow metal member which holds a mirror of an optical resonator in a gas laser tube is electrically and mechanically connected with a hollow cathode by a spring. The spring is positioned either outside or on the inner surface of the hollow metal member and elastically forces one end of the cathode against the inner wall of the hollow metal member.

Abstract: A method for jointing ceramic elements is disclosed. Ceramic elements to be joined are arranged between a pair of torces each having a nozzle for spouting combustion gas.The joint line of ceramic elements is first heated by flames of combustion gas spouted from each nozzle and, then, a high voltage is applied between said pair of torches. Ceramic elements are joined by said heating and applying a high voltage between torches.

Abstract: A composite material composed of a non-oxide type ceramic and iron or an alloy thereof is disclosed, wherein the non-oxide type ceramic is formed with a copper metallized surface and bonded to the iron or alloy thereof with an intermediate layer of Invar steel, Kovar or copper disposed between the copper metallized surface and the iron or alloy thereof.

Abstract: An adhesive agent having, as its active components, copper sulfide and at least one member selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, and kaoline enables the opposed surfaces of two oxide-type ceramic articles to be joined to each other with high adhesive strength, this fast union being accomplished by interposing the adhesive agent between the opposed surfaces of the ceramic articles and heating the adhesive agent to a temperature of not less than 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: A composition of at least one member selected from the group consisting of sodium fluoride and calcium fluoride and optionally containing kaolin is powerful adhesive for ceramic articles which is used by interposing the adhesive intimately between the opposed surfaces for union of the ceramic articles and heating the adhesive to a temperature equal to or higher than the decomposition temperature of the fluoride used.

Abstract: Adhesion of two silicon nitride parts is accomplished by interposing a layer of calcium fluoride or a mixture of calcium fluoride with kaoline between the two silicon nitride parts and heating the resultant interposed layer.

Abstract: A method for providing strong adhesion of two ceramic articles to each other or one ceramic article to an article of metallic copper, which method comprises applying, in the former adhesion, a powder mixture of CuS-LaCrO.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 -Cu to the opposed surfaces of the two ceramic articles or, in the latter adhesion, a powder mixture of CuS-LaCrO.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 to the opposed surfaces of the ceramic article and the article of metallic copper and, thereafter, heating the pair of articles in the air at a temperature of from 1000.degree. to 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for providing strong adhesion of two ceramic articles to each other or one ceramic article to an article of metallic copper, which method comprises applying, in the former adhesion, a powder mixture of CuS--LaCrO.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2 --Cu to the opposed surfaces of the two ceramic articles or, in the latter adhesion, a powder mixture of CuS--LaCrO.sub.3 --SiO.sub.2 to the opposed surfaces of the ceramic article and the article of metallic copper and, thereafter, heating the pair of articles in the air at a temperature of from 1000.degree. to 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: A thin coating of silver is formed fast on the surface of a nitride type ceramic article by coating the surface of the ceramic article with a mixture consisting of copper sulfide and kaolin, subjecting the coated article to a thermal treatment in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere at a temperature in the range of from 900.degree. to 1300.degree. C., then overcoating the thermally treated ceramic article with silver carbonate and heating the overcoated article again in the nitrogen-containing atmosphere at a temperature in the range of from 700.degree. to 900.degree. C.

Abstract: Arc electrodes formed of the sinter of lanthanum chromite or of a compound having a part of the lanthanum component of lanthanum chromite replaced by at least one member selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium and strontium.