Abstract: A monomer represented by the following general formula (m-1): wherein R is a group having an alicyclic skeleton, R2s may be the same or different and are individually hydrogen atom, halogen atom or monovalent organic group, X1 is a bivalent organic group containing a heteroatom, j is an integer of 0 to 3, and R1 is a group selected from the following groups, a monovalent organic group having Si (R1-1), and —(X2)k—R4—(X3)m—C(R6)3  (R1-2), wherein X2 and X3 are a bivalent organic group containing a heteroatom, k and m are an integer of 0 to 3, R4 is a bivalent alkyl group, R6s may be the same or different and are individually hydrogen atom, halogen atom or monovalent organic group.

Abstract: A monomer represented by the following general formula (m-1): wherein R is a group having an alicyclic skeleton, R2s may be the same or different and are individually hydrogen atom, halogen atom or monovalent organic group, X1 is a bivalent organic group containing a heteroatom, j is an integer of 0 to 3, and R1 is a group selected from the following groups, a monovalent organic group having Si (R1-1), and —(X2)k—R4—(X3)m—C(R6)3  (R1-2), wherein X2 and X3 are a bivalent organic group containing a heteroatom, k and m are an integer of 0 to 3, R4 is a bivalent alkyl group, R6s may be the same or different and are individually hydrogen atom, halogen atom or monovalent organic group.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition comprising a polymer having a repeating segment represented by the following general formula (1A) and a compound which is capable of generating an acid by irradiation of an actinic radiation. wherein R11 is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alcoxy group, a halogen atom or a cyano group, R12 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a cyclic olefin, R13 is either one of (a) a straight-chain olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyclic olefin or a heterocyclic group and (b) a hydrocarbon group represented by — (CH2)m—(m is an integer of 3 to 9), and R14 is a hydrophilic group.

Abstract: A photosensitive material, which comprises, an alkali-soluble resin moiety having an alicyclic skeleton, a polycyclic condensation skeleton, or both alicyclic and polycyclic condensation skeletons, and a diazo compound moiety. The diazo compound moiety may be contained in a side chain of the alkali-soluble resin moiety or included in the photosensitive material in separate from the alkali-soluble resin moiety.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a pattern on a substrate, comprising a step of forming a light-sensitive layer containing an aromatic compound on a substrate, a step of patternwise exposing the light-sensitive layer with a light having a wavelength range shorter than the maximum wavelength in the third absorption band from the long-wave side in the absorption spectrum of the aromatic compound and longer than the maximum wavelength in the fourth absorption band from the same, thereby to cause a photochemical reaction in the light-sensitive layer, and a step of developing the exposed light-sensitive layer, optionally after heat-treating the layer, so as to selectively remove the exposed area of the layer or leave the area as it is. The method gives a pattern having a high resolving power and an excellent dry-etching resistance.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition comprising, an oligomer having a backbone chain comprising an alicyclic skeleton and/or a conjugated polycondensed aromatic skeleton, the backbone chain being acid-decomposable or hydrolyzable, and a photo-acid-generating agent.

Abstract: A photosensitive material which is very low in absorption of a light source of short wavelength and excellent in dry etch resistance. This photosensitive material comprises a compound having a terpenoid skeleton. Preferably, the compound having a terpenoid skeleton is a compound having a monovalent menthyl group or menthyl derivative group which can be represented by the general formula (1). ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1 may be the same with or different from each other and individually represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, an imide group, an amide group, or a sulfonyl group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, or a sulfonamide group, and a pair of neighboring R.sup.1 may be connected together to form a closed ring.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition contains an acid-decomposable resin, a photo-acid-generating agent, and a naphthol novolak compound with a molecular weight of 2000 or less. The acid-decomposable resin is preferably a copolymer consisting of a polymerizable compound having an alicyclic skeleton as a monomer.

Abstract: A resist for alkali development, which comprises an alicyclic compound attached with an acidic substituent group exhibiting pKa of 7 to 11 in an aqueous solution of 25.degree. C. This alicyclic compound is preferably a copolymer comprising as a comonomer component a vinyl compound and exhibiting a light absorbency of 3 or less per 1 .mu.m to the light of 193 nm in wavelength.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a pattern on a substrate, comprising a step of forming a light-sensitive layer containing an aromatic compound on a substrate, a step of patternwise exposing the light-sensitive layer with a light having a wavelength range shorter than the maximum wavelength; in the third absorption band from the long-wave side in the absorption spectrum of the aromatic compound and longer than the maximum wavelength in the fourth absorption band from the same, thereby to cause a photochemical reaction in the light-sensitive layer, and a step of developing the exposed light-sensitive layer, optionally after heat-treating the layer, so as to selectively remove the exposed area of the layer or leave the area as it is. The method gives a pattern having a high resolving power and an excellent dry-etching resistance.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition for forming a pattern through a light-exposure with either one of ArF excimer laser and F.sub.2 excimer laser, which comprises a compound having either an acid-decomposable or acid-crosslinkable group, and a compound represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are individually an aromatic ring or condensed aromatic ring, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are individually halogen atoms or monovalent organic group, X is a group selected from the group consisting of CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3, CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3, CF.sub.3 COOH, ClO.sub.4, SbF.sub.6 and AsF.sub.6, Z is a group selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, S--R and Se--R (R is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and m and n are 0 or a positive integer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a color developing resin composition comprising a base polymer, a dialdehyde represented by the general formula OHC--R.sup.1' --CHO, a diamine represented by the general formula H.sub.2 N--R.sup.2' --NH.sub.2 (at least one of R.sup.1' and R.sup.2' is an aromatic group), a compound which produces an acid by light irradiating and a resin which is crosslinked with the acid.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition contains an acid-decomposable resin, a photo-acid-generating agent, and a naphthol novolak compound with a molecular weight of 2000 or less. The acid-decomposable resin is preferably a copolymer consisting of a polymerizable compound having an alicyclic skeleton as a monomer.

Abstract: In a reticle, a semi-transparent film pattern in place of a light blocking film pattern is used as a mask pattern having a size within a certain range, whereby an exposure system can be improved in resolution limit and faithful pattern transfer can be realized with a constant light quantity. A reticle may be of a stacked layer structure which comprises a shift film for providing a different optical path to exposure light, a mask substrate formed on the top or bottom of the shift film, and a transmissivity ratio adjustment layer having a predetermined transmissivity ratio to the exposure light. The material of a phase shifter may be adjusted in amplitude transmissivity ratio so that a shifter width for effectively improving a contrast can be made large and an accuracy necessary for a shifter width can be loosened.

Abstract: A resist comprising a sulfonyl compound represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, nitro group, cyano group or a monovalent organic group, R.sup.2 is a halogen atom, nitro group, cyano group or a monovalent organic group, R.sup.3 is a bivalent organic group, and n is an integer of 2 or more. The R.sup.3 in the general formula (1) is preferably a bivalent organic group represented by the general formula (2): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.21, R.sup.22, R.sup.23, R.sup.24, R.sup.25 and R.sup.26 may be the same or different and are individually a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, nitro group, cyano group or a monovalent organic group, and Z is a bivalent organic group.

Abstract: Disclosed are a safe slurry photosensitive composition superior in image formation capabilities such as resolution and sensitivity and containing no harmful compound, and a safe water-soluble photosensitive composition capable of being dissolved in water without using any organic solvent while maintaining a sufficient sensitivity as a resist and containing no harmful substance. The slurry photosensitive composition contains a compound which generates an acid when irradiated with light or ionizing radiation, at least one type of a resin with acid-crosslinkability or acid-decomposability, and a powder. Various devices can be manufactured by forming a layer of this photosensitive composition on a substrate, exposing the layer to light in accordance with a desired pattern, and heating the layer. The water-soluble photosensitive composition contains a compound which generates an acid when irradiated with light or ionizing radiation, and an acetal resin.

Abstract: In a reticle, a semi-transparent film pattern in place of a light blocking film pattern is used as a mask pattern having a size within a certain range, whereby an exposure system can be improved in resolution limit and faithful pattern transfer can be realized with a constant light quantity. A reticle may be of a stacked layer structure which comprises a shift film for providing a different optical path to exposure light, a mask substrate formed on the top or bottom of the shift film, and a transmissivity ratio adjustment layer having a predetermined transmissivity ratio to the exposure light. The material of a phase shifter may be adjusted in amplitude transmissivity ratio so that a shifter width for effectively improving a contrast can be made large and an accuracy necessary for a shifter width can be loosened.

Abstract: In a reticle, a semi-transparent film pattern in place of a light blocking film pattern is used as a mask pattern having a size within a certain range, whereby an exposure system can be improved in resolution limit and faithful pattern transfer can be realized with a constant light quantity. A reticle may be of a stacked layer structure which comprises a shift film for providing a different optical path to exposure light, a mask substrate formed on the top or bottom of the shift film, and a transmissivity ratio adjustment layer having a predetermined transmissivity ratio to the exposure light. The material of a phase shifter may be adjusted in amplitude transmissivity ratio so that a shifter width for effectively improving a contrast can be made large and an accuracy necessary for a shifter width can be loosened.

Abstract: In a reticle, a semi-transparent film pattern in place of a light blocking film pattern is used as a mask pattern having a size within a certain range, whereby an exposure system can be improved in resolution limit and faithful pattern transfer can be realized with a constant light quantity. A reticle may be of a stacked layer structure which comprises a shift film for providing a different optical path to exposure light, a mask substrate formed on the top or bottom of the shift film, and a transmissivity ratio adjustment layer having a predetermined transmissivity ratio to the exposure light. The material of a phase shifter may be adjusted in amplitude transmissivity ratio so that a shifter width for effectively improving a contrast can be made large and an accuracy necessary for a shifter width can be loosened.

Abstract: Disclosed are a safe slurry photosensitive composition superior in image formation capabilities such as resolution and sensitivity and containing no harmful compound, and a safe water-soluble photosensitive composition capable of being dissolved in water without using any organic solvent while maintaining a sufficient sensitivity as a resist and containing no harmful substance. The slurry photosensitive composition contains a compound which generates an acid when irradiated with light or ionizing radiation, at least one type of a resin with acid-crosslinkability or acid-decomposability, and a powder. Various devices can be manufactured by forming a layer of this photosensitive composition on a substrate, exposing the layer to light in accordance with a desired pattern, and heating the layer. The water-soluble photosensitive composition contains a compound which generates an acid when irradiated with light or ionizing radiation, and an acetal resin.