Abstract: A rush adjuster which adjusts a relative position between a valve body and an armature in an axial direction so that a state of zero-rush is formed is arranged between an armature shaft and a valve shaft. At a time of starting an electromagnetic drive valve, a first starting current is applied to either one of an upper coil and a lower coil for generating electromagnetic forces for attracting the armature closer, whichever a distance with respect to the armature is shorter.

Abstract: An integrated vehicle engine/transmission control apparatus for an automotive vehicle having an engine capable of changing an operating speed thereof by itself, and an automatic transmission operatively connected to the engine and including a lock-up clutch, the apparatus including a lock-up clutch control device operable to control an engaging force of the lock-up clutch, during a shifting action of the transmission, for reducing a shifting shock of said automatic transmission, and a engine speed control device operable to control the engine so as to reduce its operating speed, during the shifting action of the transmission, such that reduction of the engine speed is initiated after a moment of initiation of reduction of the engaging force of the lock-up clutch by the lock-up clutch control means.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which includes an internal combustion engine of a lean-burn type, an NOx catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine so as to remove nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas emitted from the engine, and a variable valve control system capable of changing at least one of the opening and closing timing and a lift of the intake valve and/or the exhaust valve for each cylinder of the engine. The variable valve control system is controlled so that the exhaust gas to which the NOx catalyst is exposed is controlled so as to be suitable for removing a selected gaseous component from the NOx catalyst when the selected gaseous component should be removed. A method of purifying an exhaust gas emitted from the above engine is also provided.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a variable valve train capable of altering opening and closing timings and/or opening amounts of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is characterized in that the internal combustion engine is further provided with a negative pressure mechanism that operates using intake pipe negative pressure generated in an intake passage of the internal combustion engine, a throttle valve for adjusting the flow rate of intake air flowing through the intake passage, and negative pressure generating device that controls at least one of the variable valve train and the throttle valve to generate the intake pipe negative pressure, when the intake pipe negative pressure for operation of the negative pressure mechanism is insufficient.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes two intake side solenoid driving valve mechanisms for opening and closing intake valves by cooperation of an electromagnetic coil and a spring, and/or two exhaust side solenoid driving valve mechanisms for opening and closing exhaust valves provided on each cylinder. A controller commands a driving circuit to cause the valve-opening timing of the exhaust valves or the intake valves to be different.

Abstract: A method and apparatus controls an internal combustion engine having electromagnetically driven valves. A target cylinder torque required of one of a plurality of cylinders is individually calculated in accordance with a target engine torque, and a timing for opening and closing each of a plurality of intake and exhaust valves in each of the plurality of cylinders is determined in accordance with the target cylinder torque. Thereby the torque of the internal combustion engine is individually controlled for each of the plurality of cylinders.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which includes an internal combustion engine of a lean-burn type, an NOx catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine so as to remove nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas emitted from the engine, and a variable valve control system capable of changing the opening and closing timing and/or a lift of the intake valve and/or the exhaust valve for each cylinder of the engine. The variable valve control system is controlled so that the exhaust gas to which the NOx catalyst is exposed is controlled so as to be suitable for removing a selected gaseous component from the NOx catalyst when the selected gaseous component should be removed. A method of purifying an exhaust gas emitted from the above engine is also provided.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes two intake side solenoid driving valve mechanisms for opening and closing intake valves by cooperation of an electromagnetic coil and a spring, and/or two exhaust side solenoid driving valve mechanisms for opening and closing exhaust valves provided on each cylinder. A controller commands a driving circuit to cause the valve-opening timing of the exhaust valves or the intake valves to be different.

Abstract: An apparatus deliveries fuel to a V-type engine having a first bank and a second bank. The apparatus has a first delivery pipe disposed in association with the first bank, a second delivery pipe disposed in association with the second bank and a fuel pipe for supplying the fuel from a fuel tank to the first delivery pipe and the second delivery pipe. Each delivery pipe has an injector for injecting the fuel from the delivery pipe to a cylinder of the engine. The fuel pipe includes a supply pipe connected with an end of the first delivery pipe to supply the fuel from the fuel tank to the first delivery pipe and a communicating pipe for communicating the end of the first delivery pipe with an end of the second delivery pipe. A first damping element is disposed at the end of the first delivery pipe to damp pressure fluctuation of the fuel supplied from the supply pipe.

Abstract: A bone prosthetic material composed of calcium phosphate group granules which have open cells with an average pore size of 0.01-(10 .mu.m).sup.2 over a surface density of at least one per 10 .mu.m.sup.2. The prosthetic material is prepared by mixing organic inflammable particles with a calcium based powder, granulating and then firing the mixture.

Abstract: An implant member is provided with at least one projection on its outer surface. Biological fusion with newly formed bony tissues is facilitated by permitting the projections to establish a small clearance between the implant and the surrounding bone.

Abstract: An upper structure for an artificial apatite dental root is disclosed. The structure includes inner and outer crowns having a buffer element placed therebetween. The buffer element serves as a satisfactory substitute for the periodontal membrane of a natural tooth.

Abstract: Disclosed is an orthopedic and dental implant ceramic composition comprising hydroxyapatite and whitlockite. Said composition is prepared by blending 50 to 99.5% by weight of a crystalline hydroxyapatite and 0.5 to 50% by weight of whitlockite, and then, sintering the blend at a temperature of 900.degree. to 1,400.degree. C. Said crystalline hydroxyapatite is prepared by the solid phase reaction wherein a mixture of a calcium phosphate, having a Ca/P ratio of 1.5 to 1.67 by mole, and a stoichiometric amount or more of a calcium compound is heated at a temperature of 500.degree. to 1,000.degree. C. Said calcium compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of CaCO.sub.3, CaO, Ca(OH).sub.2, CaF.sub.2, Ca(COO).sub.2, Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2 and CaCl.sub.2.