Abstract: The chamber frame element of the present invention, which has a smaller amount of voltage drop, consumes less reactive power than the prior art, and exhibits no metal corrosion, is a chamber frame element (14) for an electrolyzer or an electrodialysis cell. The chamber frame element (14) includes: a bag body (141); a frame (142) housed in an interior space of the bag body (141); and an inlet (143) and an outlet (144) to which piping can be attached, which are formed on the outer side of a region where the frame is housed in the bag body (141).

Abstract: The chamber frame element of the present invention, which has a smaller amount of voltage drop, consumes less reactive power than the prior art, and exhibits no metal corrosion, is a chamber frame element (14) for an electrolyzer or an electrodialysis cell. The chamber frame element (14) includes: a bag body (141); a frame (142) housed in an interior space of the bag body (141); and an inlet (143) and an outlet (144) to which piping can be attached, which are formed on the outer side of a region where the frame is housed in the bag body (141).

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a programmable raster line address generator that repeatedly displays programmably selected raster lines of a stored pattern a predetermined number of times to enlarge the stored pattern when displayed. Programmable registers store integers that select which raster lines are to be repeatedly displayed.

Abstract: An electronic data transfer apparatus comprises a main device connected to input and output data, an input/output requesting device connected to the main device for controlling data input and output operations, a data bus provided between the main device and the input/output requesting device to facilitate connection therebetwen for transferring data, and a pseudo-status signal generator interposed between the main device and the input/output requesting device for alternately generating status signals representing ready and busy states of the main device in accordance with a status request from the input/output requesting device whereby data transfer speed therebetween is substantially improved.