Abstract: In a pneumatic tire including one carcass layer and a tread portion comprising a cap tread layer and an under tread layer, the under tread layer comprises a rubber composition having hardness at 20° C. of 60 to 65, tensile stress at 100% elongation at 100° C. of 2.0 MPa to 4.0 MPa, and a product of tensile strength at 100° C. and an elongation at break at 100° C. of 2000 or more, the carcass layer comprises an organic fiber cord having an elongation ratio under a load of 1.5 cN/dtex on a belt layer inner circumferential side of 5.5% to 8.5% and an elongation at break of 20% to 30%, and a product A=D×Ec of a fineness based on corrected mass D per carcass cord and an insertion count Ec is from 1.8×105 dtex/50 mm to 3.0×105 dtex/50 mm.

Abstract: In a pneumatic tire including a belt reinforcing layer and a tread portion made up of cap tread and under tread layers, a polyethylene terephthalate fiber cord constituting the belt reinforcing layer has an elongation ratio of 2.0-4.0% under a load of 2.0 cN/dtex at 100° C., the under tread layer is made of a rubber composition blending, per 100 parts by mass of rubber component, 35-60 parts by mass of carbon black having a CTAB adsorption specific surface area of less than 70 m2/g and 3-30 parts by mass of silica having the CTAB adsorption specific surface area of less than 180 m2/g and has a hardness at 20° C. from 60-65, a tensile stress at 100% elongation at 100° C. of 2.0-4.0 MPa, and a product of a tensile strength at 100° C. and an elongation at break at 100° C. of 2000 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a rubber composition for tires. From 35 parts by mass to 60 parts by mass of carbon black having a CTAB adsorption specific surface area of less than 70 m2/g and from 3 parts by mass to 30 parts by mass of silica having a CTAB adsorption specific surface area of less than 180 m2/g are blended per 100 parts by mass of a rubber component containing 50 mass % or more of natural rubber and from 10 mass % to 40 mass % of butadiene rubber. The butadiene rubber uses an unmodified butadiene rubber having a cis-1,4 bond content of 97% or more, a Mooney viscosity ML1+4 at 100° C. of 45 or more, and a ratio Tcp/ML1+4 of a 5 mass % toluene solution viscosity Tcp (unit: cps) at 25° C. to the Mooney viscosity ML1+4 ranging from 2.0 to 3.0.

Abstract: A turbine is provided with: a turbine wheel configured to rotate about an axis O1; a turbine housing accommodating the turbine wheel and defining an annular nozzle passage on the outer peripheral side of the turbine wheel; and a plurality of low solidity nozzle vanes 6 arranged in the nozzle passage at an interval in the circumferential direction. Circumferentially adjacent low solidity nozzle vanes 6 are disposed at different radial positions in a connection position of each of the low solidity nozzle vanes 6 with a hub-side wall surface of the hub-side wall surface and a shroud-side wall surface which define the nozzle passage.

Abstract: For a cap tread layer of a pneumatic tire, a rubber composition is used, which contains from 60 to 90 parts by mass of silica per 100 parts by mass of a diene rubber containing from 15 to 30 mass % of a natural rubber, from 40 to 70 mass % of a terminal-modified styrene-butadiene rubber having a vinyl content of from 35 to 45 mass %, and from 15 to 30 mass % of a modified butadiene rubber obtained by modifying an active terminal of a conjugated diene polymer with at least a hydrocarbyloxysilane compound, the total of these being 100 mass %. A hardness Hu of the undertread Layer and a hardness Hc of the cap tread layer satisfy the relationship of Hu>Hc. The hardness Hc is 63 or greater and 67 or less. A difference ?H between the hardness Hu and the hardness Hc is 10 or more.

Abstract: A turbine includes: a rotatable impeller with a hub provided with a plurality of rotor blades; and a tubular member in which a diffuser located downstream of the impeller is formed. On an inner surface of the tubular member, a plurality of projections projecting radially inward of the tubular member are formed at positions closer to an inlet end of the tubular member than an outlet end of the tubular member. The plurality of projections are arranged in a circumferential direction of the inner surface so as to leave a space between adjacent projections.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a turbocharger according to an embodiment includes a cylinder block internally including a plurality of cylinders, a cylinder head disposed on top of the cylinder block, and internally including a plurality of exhaust flow passages through which exhaust air discharged from each of the plurality of cylinders flows, and the turbocharger including a rotational shaft, a turbine wheel, and a compressor wheel, the turbine wheel being disposed at one end of the rotational shaft, the compressor wheel being disposed at the other end of the rotational shaft. At least the turbine wheel of the turbocharger is arranged inside the cylinder head.

Abstract: A mixed-flow turbine wheel includes: a plurality of rotor blades disposed on a circumferential surface of the hub at intervals in a circumferential direction and configured such that each of the plurality of rotor blades has a leading edge which includes, in a meridional view, an oblique edge portion where a distance between the leading edge and an axis of the rotational shaft decreases from a tip side toward a hub side, and a sensor detection surface having a flat shape and being applied with a marking which is detectable by an optical sensor device.

Abstract: A turbine includes: a rotatable impeller with a hub provided with a plurality of rotor blades; and a tubular member in which a diffuser located downstream of the impeller is formed. On an inner surface of the tubular member, a plurality of projections projecting radially inward of the tubular member are formed at positions closer to an inlet end of the tubular member than an outlet end of the tubular member. The plurality of projections are arranged in a circumferential direction of the inner surface so as to leave a space between adjacent projections.

Abstract: Provided are a variable geometry turbine and a supercharger including the same that can change flow rate characteristics of a turbine in accordance with engine output with simple structure and can adjust the flow angle of a fluid flowing into a turbine impeller to any angle in the circumferential direction of the turbine impeller. The variable geometry turbine (10) includes a turbine impeller (12) configured to rotate about an axis line, a turbine housing (30) configured to accommodate the turbine impeller (12) and form a throat passage (32) and a scroll flow channel (34) on the outer circumferential side of the turbine impeller (12), the scroll flow channel (34) communicating with the throat passage (32), and a width changing mechanism in which a width change portion (52) that changes a passage width of the throat passage (32) along the circumferential direction of the turbine impeller (12) is movable in the width direction of the passage width.

Abstract: A surge suppression device for suppressing surge in an exhaust turbine-type turbocharger includes: a high-pressure tank configured to accumulate high-pressure gas with a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure; a high-pressure gas injection line connecting the high-pressure tank and an upstream intake passage on an upstream side of a compressor of the turbocharger; an on-off valve configured to open and close the high-pressure gas injection line; and a control device configured to control the on-off valve on the basis of a relationship between a pressure ratio of the compressor of the turbocharger and an intake flow rate.

Abstract: A turbine is provided with: a turbine wheel configured to rotate about an axis O1; a turbine housing accommodating the turbine wheel and defining an annular nozzle passage on the outer peripheral side of the turbine wheel; and a plurality of low solidity nozzle vanes 6 arranged in the nozzle passage at an interval in the circumferential direction. Circumferentially adjacent low solidity nozzle vanes 6 are disposed at different radial positions in a connection position of each of the low solidity nozzle vanes 6 with a hub-side wall surface of the hub-side wall surface and a shroud-side wall surface which define the nozzle passage.

Abstract: A turbine housing includes: a scroll section configured to internally define a spiral space; a cylindrical exhaust gas introduction section having an exhaust gas introduction port and configured to internally define a connection passage connecting the exhaust gas introduction port and the spiral space; a sheet metal inner scroll member disposed in the spiral space to form a first heat-shielding space between the inner scroll member and an inner surface of the scroll section and configured to internally define a spiral flow passage through which exhaust gas entering through the exhaust gas introduction port flows; and a sheet metal inlet member separate from the inner scroll member, disposed in the connection passage to form a second heat-shielding space between the inlet member and an inner surface of the exhaust gas introduction section, and configured to internally define a connection flow passage connecting the exhaust gas introduction port and the spiral flow passage.

Abstract: Provided is a pneumatic tire. A belt cover layer made of an organic fiber cord spirally wound along the tire circumferential direction is provided on the outer circumferential side of a belt layer in a tread portion, and a polyethylene terephthalate fiber cord of which the elastic modulus under a load of 2.0 cN/dtex at 100° C. is in the range of 3.5 cN/(tex·%) to 5.5 cN/(tex·%) is used as the organic fiber cord. The coating rubber covering the organic fiber cord contains one or more of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, or butadiene rubber as a rubber component. The coating rubber is formed of a rubber composition in which the content of natural rubber in the rubber component is 50 mass % or more, and 5.0 parts by mass to 9.0 parts by mass of zinc oxide is blended per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

Abstract: A turbocharger according to an embodiment is a turbocharger including a turbine housing for housing a turbine wheel rotary driven by an exhaust gas, a bearing housing for housing a rotational shaft on which the turbine wheel is mounted, the bearing housing being adjacent to the turbine housing, and a wastegate portion including a bypass passage and a valve body, the bypass passage allowing the exhaust gas to bypass the turbine wheel, the valve body being able to adjust a flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the bypass passage. In the turbine housing, a scroll passage for supplying the exhaust gas to the turbine wheel is formed by casting, at least on a radially outer side of the turbine wheel. A fastening portion for fastening the turbine housing and the bearing housing is disposed on a radially outer side of the scroll passage.

Abstract: Provided are a variable geometry turbine and a supercharger including the same that can change flow rate characteristics of a turbine in accordance with engine output with simple structure and can adjust the flow angle of a fluid flowing into a turbine impeller to any angle in the circumferential direction of the turbine impeller. The variable geometry turbine (10) includes a turbine impeller (12) configured to rotate about an axis line, a turbine housing (30) configured to accommodate the turbine impeller (12) and form a throat passage (32) and a scroll flow channel (34) on the outer circumferential side of the turbine impeller (12), the scroll flow channel(34) communicating with the throat passage (32), and a width changing mechanism in which a width change portion (52) that changes a passage width of the throat passage (32) along the circumferential direction of the turbine impeller (12) is movable in the width direction of the passage width.

Abstract: A surge suppression device for suppressing surge in an exhaust turbine-type turbocharger includes: a high-pressure tank configured to accumulate high-pressure gas with a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure; a high-pressure gas injection line connecting the high-pressure tank and an upstream intake passage on an upstream side of a compressor of the turbocharger; an on-off valve configured to open and close the high-pressure gas injection line; and a control device configured to control the on-off valve on the basis of a relationship between a pressure ratio of the compressor of the turbocharger and an intake flow rate.

Abstract: A compressor wheel includes a compressor wheel body, and a thermal insulating coating layer disposed so as to cover at least a part of a back surface of the compressor wheel body.

Abstract: A turbine housing includes: a scroll section configured to internally define a spiral space; a cylindrical exhaust gas introduction section having an exhaust gas introduction port and configured to internally define a connection passage connecting the exhaust gas introduction port and the spiral space; a sheet metal inner scroll member disposed in the spiral space to form a first heat-shielding space between the inner scroll member and an inner surface of the scroll section and configured to internally define a spiral flow passage through which exhaust gas entering through the exhaust gas introduction port flows; and a sheet metal inlet member separate from the inner scroll member, disposed in the connection passage to form a second heat-shielding space between the inlet member and an inner surface of the exhaust gas introduction section, and configured to internally define a connection flow passage connecting the exhaust gas introduction port and the spiral flow passage.

Abstract: A turbocharger according to an embodiment is a turbocharger including a turbine housing for housing a turbine wheel rotary driven by an exhaust gas, a bearing housing for housing a rotational shaft on which the turbine wheel is mounted, the bearing housing being adjacent to the turbine housing, and a wastegate portion including a bypass passage and a valve body, the bypass passage allowing the exhaust gas to bypass the turbine wheel, the valve body being able to adjust a flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the bypass passage. In the turbine housing, a scroll passage for supplying the exhaust gas to the turbine wheel is formed by casting, at least on a radially outer side of the turbine wheel. A fastening portion for fastening the turbine housing and the bearing housing is disposed on a radially outer side of the scroll passage.