Abstract: A secondary battery according to the present invention includes: a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode current collector, arranged to face each other; a plurality of positive and negative electrodes arranged between the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector and stacked in a direction perpendicular to a facing direction of the current collectors, such that the positive and negative electrodes face each other with a separator in between; and an electrically conductive plate disposed parallel to the plurality of positive and negative electrodes. At least the positive or negative electrodes are formed in such a manner as to sandwich the plate from both sides. The plate protrudes, in the facing direction of the current collectors, from at least one end of the electrode that sandwiches the plate.

Abstract: A plurality of extracting orifices 42 for extracting the electron beam from a discharge portion 2 into a plasma process chamber 3 via a compartment 4 are provided radially. A plurality of accelerating electrodes 36, 37 are arranged in the process chamber 3. The electron extracting direction from the extracting orifices 42 is set in substantially parallel with an object surface 35. The number and the arrangement of the accelerating electrodes 36, 37 are set such that a density distribution of the excited plasma has an oprimal state for processing the object. The object having a large area can be processed appropriately.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron-beam excited plasma generator which can effectively form samples of larger areas.

Abstract: In an electron beam excited ion irradiation apparatus which irradiates ions to a material, an electrical discharge changes an inert gas into a plasma. Electrons are drawn from this plasma and are made into electron beams. The electron beams are passed through an active gas to create ion. When the ion is irradiated to a material, electron components of the electron beams, which are irradiated vertically to a surface of the material are changed their irradiation direction. Control of the range of electron beam irradiation is performed by a magnetic filed formed so as to surround the ion beams.

Abstract: A composite structure is manufactured by joining a first material, preferably made of a magnetically permeable material and having a first joining surface in which a recess having an overhang surface is formed, to a second material, preferably made of an electrically conductive material and having a second joining surface to be joined to the first joining surface of the first material. On the second joining surface is integrally formed a protrusion having an outer configuration substantially corresponding to the inner shape of the recess. The first and second materials are firmly mechanically joined to each other by, for example, a casting method, a rolling method, a pressing method, or a method utilizing plastic flow of the second material.

Abstract: A method of producing an anchor bonded composite plate. Anchor cavities are formed in a base plate by placing a forming plate with a circular hole therethrough over the base plate at a selected anchor cavity location. A punch placed through the circular hole then applies a punching force to the base plate, thereby forming in the base plate an annular mound with a concentrically punched hole. The mound is next pressed with a leveling plate to cause the material of the mound to flow inside the punched hole forming an anchor cavity with an overhanging internally tapered surface. A cladding plate with a plurality of anchor holes is then placed on the base plate with its holes aligned with the cavities of the base plate. An anchor pin is inserted in the thus aligned openings and is plastically deformed to mechanically bond the plates together. The cladding plate and the base plate may be made of an aluminum alloy and a hard steel, respectively.

Abstract: A composite structure is manufactured by joining a first material, preferably made of a magnetically permeable material having a first joining surface in which a recess having an overhang surface is formed, to a second material, preferably made of an electrically conductive material having a second joining surface to be joined to the first joining surface of the first material. On the second joining surface is integrally formed a protrusion having an outer configuration substantially corresponding to the inner shape of the recess. The first and second materials are firmly mechanically joined to each other by, for example, a casting method, a rolling method, a pressing method, or a method utilizing plastic flow of the second material.

Abstract: A composite bar structure is composed of at least outer and inner members extending parallelly in the longitudinal direction of the structure and joined mechanically at an interface therebetween in an interlocked. The structure is fabricated by forming a plurality of projections on the inner member over the entire interface, preparing the outer member in a tubular shape to readily encompass the inner member, relatively positioning the members to place the inner member within the outer member in telescoped state, and applying a constrictive compression force on the outer member so that it undergoes plastic deformation and reduction in diameter, whereby the projections bite into the inner surface of the outer member. The members are thus joined tightly to form the integral composite bar structure.