Abstract: In a scan system, a lighting unit, a display, and a three-dimensional display that have all of high luminance, low power consumption, and high reliability of a circuit board are provided. A light modulation device bonded to a light guide plate is provided with a light modulation layer exhibiting scattering property or transparency to light propagating through the light guide plate. The light modulation layer is interposed between a lower electrode that is configured of a plurality of partial electrodes extending in a direction parallel to a light incident surface and a sheet-like upper electrode. A drive circuit sequentially drives the plurality of partial electrodes to scan a region exhibiting the scattering property of the light modulation layer in a direction orthogonal to the light incident surface.

Abstract: In a scan system, a lighting unit, a display, and a three-dimensional display that have all of high luminance, low power consumption, and high reliability of a circuit board are provided. A light modulation device bonded to a light guide plate is provided with a light modulation layer exhibiting scattering property or transparency to light propagating through the light guide plate. The light modulation layer is interposed between a lower electrode that is configured of a plurality of partial electrodes extending in a direction parallel to a light incident surface and a sheet-like upper electrode. A drive circuit sequentially drives the plurality of partial electrodes to scan a region exhibiting the scattering property of the light modulation layer in a direction orthogonal to the light incident surface.

Abstract: A projection type display apparatus including an illumination optical system for emitting a light flux, a decomposition optical system for decomposing the light flux into color lights of red, green and blue, liquid crystal light valves for the colors for receiving the decomposed color lights, a synthesis optical system for synthesizing the image lights of the colors from the liquid crystal light valves, and a projection optical system for projecting the synthesized image lights to a screen. A filter is disposed at one of positions opposing to each other across the center of the light flux between the white light source and the decomposition optical system and attenuates or cuts off light of a wavelength region different from that of light which passes the other of the positions.

Abstract: In a projection apparatus projecting an image by using light of a light source contained in a housing, there is provided a light source mounting device in which when the light source in the housing is replaced, the light source is mounted and the light source is raised from a position of an opening used for taking in and out a light source to a normal position to make positioning, so that the light source in the housing can be simply replaced.

Abstract: A projection type display apparatus which can maintain a high contrast for a long period of time and can be produced simply and at a low cost. The display apparatus includes an illumination optical system for emitting a light flux, a decomposition optical system for decomposing the light flux into color lights of red, green and blue, liquid crystal light valves for the colors for receiving the decomposed color lights, a synthesis optical system for synthesizing the image lights of the colors from the liquid crystal light valves, and a projection optical system for projecting the synthesized image lights to a screen. The first optical path from the illumination optical system to one of the liquid crystal light valves for a predetermined one color through the decomposition optical system is formed longer than second optical paths to the liquid crystal light valves for the other two colors.

Abstract: In a projection type display apparatus that projects an image by inputting a light beam emitted from a light source to a spatial light modulation device, it is intended to provide a lens array as a component of an illumination optical system that is low in manufacturing cost, provides high screen illuminance, and enables miniaturization of the projection type display apparatus. The dimension of the cell lenses of a second lens array is not uniform in one of the row direction and the column direction. Since the cell lenses are rectangular when viewed from the front side, the second lens array can be manufactured with a metal mold having a simple shape. The boundary lines between the cell lenses are straight and level differences at the boundary lines are small, sink marks of the second lens array are small, and the efficiency of utilization of light beams is high.

Abstract: In a display unit wherein an optical block is disposed inside of a housing having a screen at its front, and an image light from the optical block is projected on the screen, a display unit in which the housing is made a closed structure and a path is provided for circulating air between the housing and the optical block so that dust is prevented from entering inside of an apparatus and attaching to optical parts, and at the same time, heat generated in the apparatus can be sufficiently cooled.

Abstract: An optical illumination system wherein an increased amount of light from a light source can reach a light valve, in which a luminous flux of the light source is irradiated upon a first lens array. The luminous flux having passed through the first lens array is introduced to the polarization conversion system provided immediately before a second lens array, and a luminous flux coming out from the polarization conversion system is introduced to the second lens array and then irradiated upon the light valve. The first lens array has an image forming position f which satisfies S<f<L where L is an optical path length of a longer one of optical paths of P polarized light and S polarized light decomposed from the luminous flux from the light source by the polarization conversion system and S is an optical path length of a shorter one of the optical paths.

Abstract: A magnetically anistropic R-T-B magnet having crystal grains having aspect ratios of 2 or more and showing a substantially uniform maximum energy product distribution is produced by (a) rapidly quenching an alloy melt; (b) finely pulverizing the rapidly quenched alloy to provide magnetic powder; (c) mixing the magnetic powder with a carbon-containing additive; (d) coating the resulting mixture with a protective layer of a first lubricant such as BN substantially unreactive with the alloy components; (e) compressing it; (f) further coating the resulting compressed body with a second lubricant such as graphite or graphite+glass; and (g) further compressing it.

Abstract: A magnetically anisotropic R-T-B magnet having crystal grains having aspect ratios of 2 or more and showing a substantially uniform maximum energy product distribution is produced by (a) rapidly quenching an alloy melt; (b) finely pulverizing the rapidly quenched alloy to provide magnetic powder; (c) mixing the magnetic powder with a carbon-containing additive; (d) coating the resulting mixture with a protective layer of a first lubricant such as BN substantially unreactive with the alloy components; (e) compressing it; (f) further coating the resulting compressed body with a second lubricant such as graphite or graphite+glass; and (g) further compressing it.