Abstract: An adaptive transform coding/and decoding arrangement is provided to effectively exploit different redundancies between the bands of a spectrum envelope to effect coding at a low bit rate for an audio signal. In the adaptive transform coding method, the spectrum envelope is divided into bands so that different coding methods may be applied to the spectrum envelopes of the individual bands. By applying the present invention to the adaptive transform coding of an audio signal, the spectrum envelope can be adjusted to the coding/and transmission method which is suitable for the time fluctuation in each frequency band, so that the different redundancies for the individual bands can be effectively exploited to realize a highly efficient audio signal coding/and decoding method which has its bits reduced as required for coding the spectrum envelope.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling needles of a knitting machine based upon comparing a plurality of predetermined position control patterns defining target positions with the position of a yarn feeder and a needle. When the positions are not the same, each needle is incrementally moved based upon the present position of the needle and the determined target position of the needle.

Abstract: An optical head includes: a light source for emitting light; first optical element for forming at least three light beams from the light emitted from the light source; second optical element for converging said at least three beams on a storage medium; and a photodetector for receiving said at least three beams reflected by the storage medium to generate electrical outputs in accordance with an intensity of the light beams, the photodetector including; a semiconductor substrate; a light receiving section formed on a surface of the semiconductor substrate for receiving the light beams reflected by the storage medium; a plurality of input terminals for receiving a supply of a predetermined potential; and a plurality of output terminals for outputting electric signals, wherein the light receiving section includes a plurality of light receiving elements for signal detection provided apart from each other on the surface of the semiconductor substrate and a plurality of stray light carrier absorption regions provid

Abstract: The display apparatus for vehicles being reduced in reflection at the external light suppression prisms disposed on the surface of the display device and providing a bright display image, in which included are the display device and the external light suppression prisms consisting of first and second prisms being stacked together by directing the prism apex angles in opposite directions to each other and disposed close to the display surface of the display device, a reflecting member to reflect the display light emitted from the display device, which light has passed through the prisms, toward the viewing point of the driver, and a polarized direction rotating means being disposed between the prisms and the reflecting member for rotating the polarization direction of the display light by 90 degrees, whereby the display light is emitted as a P-polarization light with respect to the reflecting surface of the reflecting member.

Abstract: This invention relates to an indicating instrument for a vehicle or the like in which a pointer-indicated driving condition such as vehicle speed and rotation speed of an engine is formed by light, and to an indicating instrument system having the above indicating instruments. The structure of the indicating instrument is that a front surface having graduations is spherical such that the front surface sticks out forwardly as it is far from the rotation shaft and a light source is disposed in front of the dial and out of the graduations. Further, the indicating instrument system of the present invention indicates a cylindrical lens for converting beam from a point light source to a substantially linear beam; first and second reflecting plates for dividing the substantially linear beam into divided beam; and third and fourth reflecting plates for reflecting the divided beams each to a dial as a pointer indicating the graduations on the dial to a plurality of pointer forming portions.

Abstract: This invention is intended to control the flow rate and pressure in a valve body by operating a throttling valve connected to the opening of the valve body by a remote pipe. The construction of the control valve is as follows: A spool type pressure compensated control valve 3 is installed on the upstream side of a flow passage of the valve body having an inlet 2 and an outlet 5, and a variable orifice 3' is formed on the pressure compensated control valve 3. On the downstream of the pressure compensated control valve 3 is installed a flow control throttling valve 4, which is urged by a spring 7 in the direction of closing the flow passage. The spring chamber 12' of the flow control throttling valve 4 is connected to the outlet 5 through a central passage 12 in the throttling valve 4. A chamber 20 at the other end of the flow control throttling valve 4 is connected to the inlet 2 via a variable throttle 16, and is also open to the outside of the valve body.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a display apparatus which can display information well and does not compromise the feel of a helmet in which the display apparatus is incorporated. The helmet has a front opening formed therein and has a transparent shield mounted thereon so as to cover the front opening. The display apparatus incorporates a display unit disposed on the inner side of the helmet for displaying information thereon. Display light from the display unit is reflected toward a visual point position by an inner face of the shield so that an observer visually observes a virtual image of the display information of the display unit from within the helmet through the shield. The display unit is disposed on the inner side of a chin portion of the helmet so as to not to create any obstruction to the observer.

Abstract: In a navigation system by which vehicle travel locations are detected by an angular rate sensor and a distance sensor and the detected vehicle travel locations are corrected so as to be displayed along a map road, the display errors are improved by matching a vehicle turn point behind a route judge area to a map branch point; a route judge area is adjusted according to route conditions to an adjacent branch point or detected travel angles or a distance between two adjacent branch points. Further, non-corrected vehicle location data are displayed only within the route judge area to remove unnatural vehicle location display.