Abstract: An electrostatic charging member includes a base material; and an outermost layer that contains a porous filler and a resin and has a gel fraction of at least about 50% and a surface roughness Rz in a range of about 2 ?m to about 20 ?m.

Abstract: A multilayer electrophotographic photoreceptor, comprising an electroconductive substrate, and at least an interlayer and a charge-generating layer formed on the substrate, wherein the interlayer comprises fine metal oxide particles and the interlayer and the charge-generating layer comprise anthraquinone derivative(s), and wherein the interlayer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1.0×108 ?·cm to 1.0×1013 ?·cm when an electric field of 106 V/m is applied thereto at 28° C. and 85% relative humidity. A process cartridge and an image forming apparatus using the multilayer electrophotographic photoreceptor are also provided.

Abstract: A charging roller including: a support; an elastic layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the support, and having a ground-finished outer peripheral surface; and a surface layer formed to cover the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer and that has a thickness of about 2 ?m to about 10 ?m from the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer, and a proportion of water absorbed in the total of the elastic layer and the surface layer, after storage for 48 hours in an environment having a temperature of 10° C. and a humidity of 15% RH, and after storage for 48 hours in an environment having a temperature of 28° C. and a humidity of 85% RH, being about 2% to about 8% by weight, being about 2% to about 8% by weight.

Abstract: Audio data recorded on a hard disk is stored in a memory by a CPU. The audio data stored in the memory is stored in units of channels to be output, in corresponding storage areas within an audio data storage portion by the CPU. As such, in the audio data storage portion, the audio data is stored in different storage areas for respective channels to be output. The audio data stored in the audio data storage portion is converted to analog data by a D/A converter, and output to a prescribed device.

Abstract: Scene change information is included in the header of an I picture, while the data is stored on a hard disk. For a skip search performed during the reproduction of moving picture data, a microcomputer reads the positioning information or the differential information for a scene change, which is correlated with moving picture data at a destination determined by skipping, from a current reproduction location, for a predetermined time. Then, the microcomputer performs the skip search up to the address of reference moving picture data that is obtained based on the positioning information or the differential information. When a user desires to skip a commercial broadcast in a drama, a scene change can is detected between the end of the commercial and the beginning of the continuation of the drama, so that reproduction of the drama is begun at the location of the scene change.

Abstract: A charging roller including: a support; an elastic layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the support, and having a ground-finished outer peripheral surface; and a surface layer formed to cover the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer and that has a thickness of about 2 ?m to about 10 ?m from the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer, and a proportion of water absorbed in the total of the elastic layer and the surface layer, after storage for 48 hours in an environment having a temperature of 10° C. and a humidity of 15% RH, and after storage for 48 hours in an environment having a temperature of 28° C. and a humidity of 85% RH, being about 2% to about 8% by weight, being about 2% to about 8% by weight.

Abstract: In an electronic program display apparatus, a reserved program can be confirmed easily and rapidly from a screen on which a registered program reserved for recording is displayed with a simple operation. An electronic program display apparatus includes a tuner to demodulate a television broadcast, an EPG acquisition unit to obtain data of an electronic program list, a display to display image signals on a screen, a CPU which has a program reservation means to register a program reserved for recording and to include a list of the programs reserved for recording and a program list display means to display an EPG program list and controls the whole electronic program display apparatus, and a remote controller.

Abstract: A timer reservation device includes a control portion for extracting broadcasting programs that match entered contents from broadcasting programs obtained by the broadcasting program obtaining portion when any one of items that are necessary for the timer reservation, such as record start date, record start time, record end time, and channel information, is entered by the input portion and for making a display portion display the extracted broadcasting programs, the control portion extracts broadcasting programs in each case when an item that is necessary for the timer reservation is added by the input portion and makes the display portion display the extracted broadcasting programs that match entered contents till the moment, and if the program desired for the recording reservation is found within the displayed program list, the program is selected to complete the recording reservation.

Abstract: An HDD is divided into a segment area storing multimedia data, an information file area storing an information file of a file, and a system information area storing a system information file. Storage of the system information file in the system information area and storage of the information file in the information file area are performed every prescribed time (X seconds), instead of a time point when recording and/or reproduction is stopped. If an apparatus suddenly stops, a location where damage is likely in the HDD can be detected by referring to the information file area and the system information area.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a communication apparatus that can perform gain control without deteriorating an S/N ratio of signals after diversity processing. A communication apparatus according to the invention includes: a comparison unit (11) that compares gain set values calculated and outputted by AGC control units (10a) and (10b) of respective branches; and conversion units (1004a) and (1004b) that generate gain adjustment signals corresponding to the respective branches from the gain set values obtained by the comparison unit (11). The communication apparatus performs gain control for variable gain amplifiers (5a) and (5b) of the respective branches according to the gain adjustment signals from the conversion units (1004a) and (1004b).

Abstract: While a spectrum waveform of an output signal from a subtracter (207) is visibly monitored, an operator controls a variable phases shifter (208) based upon a second control signal (CL2) so that a shape of a spectrum waveform of an output signal from a subtracter (207) is approximated to a spectrum waveform of a desirable wave to change a phase of a local oscillation frequency signal from a local oscillator (206). As a result, a phase of a duplicated loop signal is changed. Also, the operator controls a variable attenuator (209) based upon a first control signal (CL1) so that a shape of this spectrum waveform is approximated to a spectrum waveform of a desirable wave (20) to change a signal level of the duplicated loop signal.

Abstract: A multilayer electrophotographic photoreceptor, comprising an electroconductive substrate, and at least an interlayer and a charge-generating layer formed on the substrate, wherein the interlayer comprises fine metal oxide particles and the interlayer and the charge-generating layer comprise anthiaquinone derivative(s), and wherein the interlayer has a volume resistivity in a range of 1.0×108 ?·cm to 1.0×1013 ?·cm when an electric field of 106 V/m is applied thereto at 28° C. and 85% relative humidity. A process cartridge and an image forming apparatus using the multilayer electrophotographic photoreceptor are also provided.

Abstract: Audio data recorded on a hard disk is stored in a memory by a CPU. The audio data stored in the memory is stored in units of channels to be output, in corresponding storage areas within an audio data storage portion by the CPU. As such, in the audio data storage portion, the audio data is stored in different storage areas for respective channels to be output. The audio data stored in the audio data storage portion is converted to analog data by a D/A converter, and output to a prescribed device.

Abstract: Scene change information is included in the header of an I picture, while the data is stored on a hard disk. For a skip search performed during the reproduction of moving picture data, a microcomputer reads the positioning information or the differential information for a scene change, which is correlated with moving picture data at a destination determined by skipping, from a current reproduction location, for a predetermined time. Then, the microcomputer performs the skip search up to the address of reference moving picture data that is obtained based on the positioning information or the differential information. When a user desires to skip a commercial broadcast in a drama, a scene change can is detected between the end of the commercial and the beginning of the continuation of the drama, so that reproduction of the drama is begun at the location of the scene change.

Abstract: A road antenna apparatus includes a road antenna 104 which is mounted on a post 103 and at an elevated position on a road R and establishes radio communication with an on-vehicle radio device 102 mounted in a vehicle 101 which is traveling over the road; a controller controls a level of a transmission output signal of the antenna based on a receiving rate of the transmission output signal. A laser-beam emitting device 111 is mounted on the road antenna and radiates a laser beam onto the surface of the road. A laser-beam receiving device mounted on the road receives the laser beam emitted from the laser-beam emitting device. The controller stops the operation of the antenna when the laser-beam receiver device cannot receive the laser beam.

Abstract: An HDD is divided into a segment area storing multimedia data, an information file area storing an information file of a file, and a system information area storing a system information file. Storage of the system information file in the system information area and storage of the information file in the information file area are performed every prescribed time (X seconds), instead of a time point when recording and/or reproduction is stopped. If an apparatus suddenly stops, a location where damage is likely in the HDD can be detected by referring to the information file area and the system information area.

Abstract: A road antenna apparatus includes a road antenna 104 which is mounted on a post 103 and at an elevated position on a road R and establishes radio communication with an on-vehicle radio device 102 mounted in a vehicle 101 which is traveling over the road; and a laser-beam emitting device 111 which is mounted on the road antenna and radiates a laser beam onto a predetermined position 113 on the surface of the road. An offset in the angle at which a road antenna is mounted can be readily ascertained on the basis of a distance between a predetermined position on the surface of the road and a position 114 on the road surface onto which a laser beam is actually radiated.

Abstract: A road antenna apparatus includes a road antenna 104 which is mounted on a post 103 and at an elevated position on a road R and establishes radio communication with an on-vehicle radio device 102 mounted in a vehicle 101 which is traveling over the road; and a laser-beam emitting device 111 which is mounted on the road antenna and radiates a laser beam onto a predetermined position 113 on the surface of the road. An offset in the angle at which a road antenna is mounted can be readily ascertained on the basis of a distance between a predetermined position on the surface of the road and a position 114 on the road surface onto which a laser beam is actually radiated.

Abstract: A road antenna apparatus includes a road antenna 104 which is mounted on a post 103 and at an elevated position on a road R and establishes radio communication with an on-vehicle radio device 102 mounted in a vehicle 101 which is traveling over the road; A controller controls a level of a transmission output signal of the antenna based on a receiving rate of the transmission output signal. A laser-beam emitting device 111 is mounted on the road antenna and radiates a laser beam onto the surface of the road. A laser-beam receiving device mounted on the road receives the laser beam emitted from the laser-beam emitting device. The controller stops the operation of the antenna when the laser-beam receiver device cannot receive the laser beam.

Abstract: A road antenna apparatus includes a road antenna 104 which is mounted on a post 103 and at an elevated position on a road R and establishes radio communication with an on-vehicle radio device 102 mounted in a vehicle 101 which is traveling over the road. A receiving rate of the established radio communication is detected. A transmission output is set based on detecting a suitable receiving rate for a desired communications area established between the transmitter and the receiver.