Abstract: A thermoelectric power generation system 20 includes a heat exchanger 1 having double tubes which are an inner tube 1a and an outer tube 1b, and a thermoelectric power generation module 2 mounted between the inner tube and the outer tube. The thermoelectric power generation module generates thermoelectric power using a temperature difference between a medium inside the inner tube and a medium outside the outer tube, and a highly thermal conductive elastic sheet 3a, 3b is mounted between the thermoelectric power generation module and the inner tube and/or the outer tube in close contact therewith.

Abstract: A throttle valve device includes a body, a valve, a motor, and a cover. The body defines a passage, a motor space, and a connecting portion that connects the motor space to the passage. The motor includes a motor yoke made of a magnetic material, a plurality of magnets that are arranged on an inner circumferential surface of the motor yoke. The plurality of magnets are magnetized in a state where the motor yoke is disposed in the motor space of the body. The plurality of magnets are arranged in a circumferential direction in the motor yoke with a space. The connecting portion is aligned with the space between the plurality of magnets in a radial direction of the motor yoke.

Abstract: There is provided a fluorine-containing ether compound excellent in light fastness, a surface treatment agent, a fluorine-containing ether composition, a coating liquid, an article having a surface layer excellent in light fastness, a method for producing the same, and a compound useful as a raw material of the fluorine-containing ether compound excellent in light fastness. A fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the following general formula (A). (R1R2C?CR3-L1-)n1Q1-Rf-Q2(-T)n2??Formula (A) where, each reference sign in the formula (A) is as described in the specification.

Abstract: An object is to provide a method for producing a fluorine-containing compound by using an easily available compound under relatively mild reaction conditions to produce a fluorine-containing compound, and a method for producing a surface treatment agent using the fluorine-containing compound obtained by the production method. A method for producing a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following formula (C1) or (C2), the method including: reacting a compound represented by the following formula (A1) or (A2) with a compound represented by the following formula (B1) or (B2). G1-L1-CR1R2—X1??Formula (A1) X2—CR3R4-L2-G2-L3-CR5R6—X2??Formula (A2) R11—ZnR12??Formula (B1) R11—BR13R14??Formula (B2) G1-L1-CR1R2—R11??Formula (C1) R11—CR3R4-L2-G2-L3-CR5R6—R11??Formula (C2) where, each reference sign in the formula is as described in the specification.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (A1) or (A2): G1-(CH2)m1—CHX1—(CH2)n1-M ??Formula (A1) M-(CH2)n2—CHX1—(CH2)m2-G2(CH2)m3—CHX1—(CH2)n3-M ??Formula (A2). Where in the formula (A1) and (A2), G1, G2, X1, M, n1, n2, n3, m1, m2, and m3 are as defined in the disclosure. A method for producing a compound represented by the following formula (B1) or (B2), where M in the compound of formula (A1) or (A2) is converted into a hydrogen or hydrocarbon group represented by R3: G1-(CH2)m1—CHX1—(CH2)n1—R3 ??Formula (B1) R3—(CH2)n2—CHX1—(CH2)m2-G2-(CH2)m3—CHX1—(CH2)n3—R3 ??Formula (B2). Where in the formulas B1 and B2, G1, G2, X1, R3, n1, n2, n3, m1, m2, and m3 are as defined in the disclosure.

Abstract: An object is to provide a method for producing a fluorine-containing compound by using an easily available compound under relatively mild reaction conditions to produce a fluorine-containing compound, a fluorine-containing compound suitably used in the production method, and a fluorine-containing compound obtained by the production method. There is provided a method for producing a fluorine-containing compound, the method including: reacting a compound having a partial structure represented by the following formula (a) with a Grignard reagent in the presence of a transition metal compound. —C(—Ra)(—Rb)—CH2-L??Formula (a) where, in the formula, Ra is a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group, Rb is a hydrogen atom or a fluoroalkyl group, and L is a sulfonate group.

Abstract: An object is to provide a method for producing a fluorine-containing compound by using an easily available compound under relatively mild reaction conditions to produce a fluorine-containing compound, and a method for producing a surface treatment agent using the fluorine-containing compound obtained by the production method. A method for producing a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following formula (C1) or (C2), the method including: reacting a compound represented by the following formula (A1) or (A2) with a compound represented by the following formula (B1). G1-L1-CR1R2—X1??Formula (A1) X2—CR3R4-L2-G2-L3-CR5R6—X3??Formula (A2) R11—MgR12??Formula (B1) G1-L1-CR1R2—R11??Formula (C1) R11—CR3R4-L2-G2-L3-CR5R6—R11??Formula (C2) where, each reference sign in the formula is as described in the specification.

Abstract: The object is to provide a composition capable of forming a surface layer excellent in abrasion resistance, a base material with the surface layer, and a method for producing the base material with the surface layer. The composition of the present invention comprises a fluorinated ether compound having a poly(oxyfluoroalkylene) chain and a reactive silyl group, and a crosslinking agent having a plurality of reactive silyl groups and no poly(oxyfluoroalkylene) chain.

Abstract: There are provided a novel compound, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a surface treatment agent using the novel compound as a raw material. A compound represented by the following formula (A1) or (A2). G1-(CH2)n-M??Formula (A1) M-(CH2)n-G2-(CH2)n-M??Formula (A2) where, each reference sign in the formula is as described in the specification.

Abstract: A fluorinated ether compound and a composition capable of forming a light resistant surface layer and an article are provided. The fluorinated ether compound of the present invention has a poly(oxyfluoroalkylene) chain, a reactive silyl group and a group (A) represented by —NR—C(O)— (wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group), wherein the carbonyl carbon in the group (A) is bonded to a carbon atom, and the poly(oxyfluoroalkyiene) chain is located at the nitrogen end of the group (A).

Abstract: A steel sheet has a specific chemical composition and has a structure represented by, by area ratio, ferrite: 5 to 60%, and bainite: 40 to 95%. When a region that is surrounded by a grain boundary having a misorientation of 15° or more and has a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.3 ?m or more is defined as a crystal grain, the proportion of crystal grains each having an intragranular misorientation of 5 to 14° to all crystal grains is 20 to 100% by area ratio. A precipitate density of Ti(C,N) and Nb(C,N) each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 10 nm or less is 1010 precipitates/mm3 or more. A ratio (Hvs/Hvc) of a hardness at 20 ?m in depth from a surface (Hvs) to a hardness of the center of a sheet thickness (Hvc) is 0.85 or more.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated ether compound capable of forming a surface layer excellent in initial water/oil repellency, fingerprint stain removability, abrasion resistance and light resistance; a fluorinated ether composition and a coating liquid containing the fluorinated ether compound; an article having a surface layer excellent in initial water/oil repellency, fingerprint stain removability, abrasion resistance and light resistance and a method for producing it. A fluorinated ether compound having a poly(oxyperfluoroalkylene) chain having a unit (?) which is an oxyperfluoroalkylene unit having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and a unit (?) which is an oxyperfluoroalkylene unit having at most 4 carbon atoms, and having at least one of a hydrolysable silyl group and a silanol group on at least one terminal of the poly(oxyperfluoroalkylene) chain via a linking group.

Abstract: A fluorinated ether compound represented by A-O—(Rf1O)m—Rf2—[C(O)N(R1)]p-Q1-C(R2)[-Q2-SiR3nL3-n]2, wherein A is a C1-20 perfluoroalkyl group, Rf1 is a linear fluoroalkylene group, m is an integer of from 2 to 500, Rf2 is a linear fluoroalkylene group, R1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, p is 0 or 1, Q1 is a single bond or an alkylene group, R2 is a hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group or the like, Q2 is an alkylene group, R3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, L is a hydrolyzable group, and n is an integer of from 0 to 2 is provided. A fluorinated ether composition and a coating liquid capable of forming a surface layer excellent in initial water/oil repellency, fingerprint stain removability, abrasion resistance, light resistance and chemical resistance, an article having a surface layer, and a method for producing it are also provided.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated ether compound capable of forming a water and oil repellent layer with excellent abrasion resistance on a metal surface of a substrate, a composition, and an article provided with a water and oil repellent layer. The fluorinated ether compound of the present invention is represented by [Rf—(OX)m—O—]j1Y1—Z1[-L1-S—R11]g11[R12]g12. Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group, X is a fluoroalkylene group having at least one fluorine atom, m is an integer of at least 2, Y1 is a single bond or a (j1+1) valent linking group, and Z1 is a (g11+g12+1) valent linking group, L1 is a single bond or a divalent linking group, R11 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, R12 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, j1 is an integer of at least 1, g11 is an integer of at least 2, and g12 is an integer of at least 0.

Abstract: A fluorinated ether compound, a fluorinated ether composition and a coating liquid capable of forming a surface layer excellent in initial water/oil repellency, fingerprint stain removability, abrasion resistance, light resistance and chemical resistance, an article having a surface layer and a method for producing it are provided. The fluorinated ether compound is represented by A-O—(Rf1O)m-Q1(R1)b, wherein A is a C1-20, perfluoroalkyl group, Rf1 is a perfluoroalkylene group, m is an integer of from 2 to 500, (Rf1O)m a n d may consist of two or more types of Rf1O differing in the number of carbon atoms, Q1 is a (b+1) valent perfluorohydrocarbon group which may have a hydroxy group, R1 is a monovalent organic group having at least one hydrolyzable silyl group, b is an integer of at least 2, and the b R1 may be the same or different.

Abstract: A steel sheet has a specific chemical composition and has a structure represented by, by area ratio, ferrite: 30 to 95%, and bainite: 5 to 70%. When a region that is surrounded by a grain boundary having a misorientation of 15° or more and has a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.3 ?m or more is defined as a crystal grain, the proportion of crystal grains each having an intragranular misorientation of 5 to 14° to all crystal grains is 20 to 100% by area ratio. An average aspect ratio of ellipses equivalent to the crystal grains is 5 or less. An average distribution density of the total of Ti-based carbides and Nb-based carbides each having a grain size of 20 nm or more on ferrite grain boundaries is 10 carbides/?m or less.

Abstract: A steel sheet has a specific chemical composition and has a structure represented by, by area ratio, ferrite: 0 to 30%, and bainite: 70 to 100%. When a region that is surrounded by a grain boundary having a misorientation of 15° or more and has a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.3 ?m or more is defined as a crystal grain, the proportion of crystal grains each having an intragranular misorientation of 5 to 14° to all crystal grains is 20 to 100% by area ratio. A grain boundary number density of solid-solution C or a grain boundary number density of the total of solid-solution C and solid-solution B is 1 piece/nm2 or more and 4.5 pieces/nm2 or less. An average grain size of cementite precipitated at grain boundaries is 2 ?m or less.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated ether compound capable of forming a surface layer excellent in initial water/oil repellency, fingerprint stain removability, abrasion resistance and light resistance; a fluorinated ether composition and a coating liquid containing the fluorinated ether compound; an article having a surface layer excellent in initial water/oil repellency, fingerprint stain removability, abrasion resistance and light resistance and a method for producing it. A fluorinated ether compound having a poly(oxyperfluoroalkylene) chain having a unit (a) which is an oxyperfluoroalkylene unit having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and a unit (P) which is an oxyperfluoroalkylene unit having at most 4 carbon atoms, and having at least one of a hydrolysable silyl group and a silanol group on at least one terminal of the poly(oxyperfluoroalkylene) chain via a linking group.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated ether compound capable of forming a surface layer excellent in fingerprint stain removability and abrasion resistance as before and more excellent in light resistance than ever. A fluorinated ether compound represented by A1—O—(Rf1O)m—A2, wherein A1 is a perfluoroalkyl group or the like, A2 is —Q1[—C(R11)b(R12)3?b]a or the like, Rf1 is a fluoroalkylene group, m is from 2 to 500, Q1 is a a+1 valent organic group, R11 is —Q2—Si(R21)c(R22)d(R23)e, R12 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or the like, a is an integer of from 1 to 3, b is 2 or 3, Q2 is a single bond or a bivalent organic group, R21 is —Q3—Si(R31)3?g(R32)g, R22 is an alkyl group, R23 is a hydrolyzable group or a hydroxy group, c, d and e are from 0 to 3, c+d+e is 3, c in at last one R11 among a plurality of R11 is 2 or 3, Q3 is a bivalent organic group, R31 is an alkyl group, R32 is a hydrolyzable group or a hydroxy group, and g is from 1 to 3.

Abstract: To provide a composition with which a surface layer excellent in abrasion resistance and sliding resistance can be formed, and an article. The composition of the present invention comprises a compound represented by the formula (1) and a compound represented by the formula (2), wherein the ratio of the number of moles of the group represented by —CF3 in Rf1 in the formula (1) to the total of the number of moles of the group represented by —CF2— closest to Y1 in Rf2 in the formula (1), the number of moles of the group represented by —CF2— closest to Y2 in Rf3 in the formula (2) and the number of moles of the group represented by —CF2— closest to Y3 in Rf3 in the formula (2), is from 0.001 to 0.