Abstract: A circuit breaker with parallel resistor which can satisfy contradictory requirements to induce a preliminary discharge at the time of closing action and to maintain a high interelectrode insulation at the time of interrupting action has been provided in a simple and compact size. The circuit breaker of the invention includes movable unit 41 and stationary unit 31 both on the side of main contact S1, and movable unit 21 and stationary unit 11 both on the side of resistance closing contact S2, wherein the movable unit 21 on the side of the resistance closing contact S1 comprises shield 23 which is adapted either to move lagging behind the movement of movable electrode 22 or to open at its front side during closing action of the circuit breaker such that a preliminary discharge is readily generated between the movable electrode 22 and the stationary electrode 23 in precedence to the main contact.

Abstract: There is disclosed a solid-state laser resonator capable of outputting a high power linearly polarized laser beam, in which a laser beam subjected to the birefringence in the laser resonator is effected to minimize a component of the laser beam which is orthogonal with the direction of polarization definable by a Brewster plate upon traversing a quarter-wave plate, to enable the linear polarization output distribution of the laser beam to become uniform. With this, the emission efficiency and the output power of a linearly polarized laser beam are much improved.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for generating a multi-pulse laser beam including at least three laser beams, from a single pulse laser beam oscillated from a single laser beam source and a method and an apparatus using the pulse generator for laser beam machining with a two-wavelength multi-pulse laser beam suitable for fine-patterning a multi-layered circuit board formed of metal thin films and resin layers or ceramic bodies. One pulse laser beam from the laser beam source is separated into linear polarized laser beams in first and second directions by a polarization beam splitter, with the beam in the first direction being outputted as a first pulse beam of the multi-pulse beam. The beam in the second direction is incident to a combination of an optical fiber or a glass plate and a 1/4 wavelength plate, and is delayed and non-linearly polarized there to become a delayed and non-linearly polarized laser beam.

Abstract: A light beam (30) including a random polarization and radiated from a light source, such as laser oscillator (6) is separated into P wave polarization light beam and S wave polarization light beam by a beam splitter 33. After modulated by image information representative of characters to be printed, both the P and S wave polarization beams are merged and the resultant light beam is projected on the surface of a workpiece for marking a pattern.

Abstract: A laser marking apparatus comprises a pulse laser oscillator which emits a linearly polarized laser beam; a transmission type liquid crystal mask which displays a pattern to be marked on an article in one of a positive pattern display mode and a negative pattern display mode by dots arranged in a matrix form and which allows to pass the emitted laser beam but differentiates the polarization plane of the laser beam which has passed through masked portions from that through unmasked portions; a polarized beam splitter disposed downstream the transmission type liquid crystal mask for selectivity passing the laser beam to be irradiated on the article to be marked from the transmission type liquid crystal mask; a TV camera for detecting a discriminator indicating the thermal conductivity of the article to be marked; a recognition unit which determines the thermal conductivity of the article to be marked based upon the detected discriminator; and a control unit which controls the transmission type liquid crystal ma

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal mask type laser marking system for transferring a pattern information onto an object to be worked. A laser beam emitted from a laser oscillator is applied to a liquid crystal mask having a pattern mask. The laser beam outgoing from the liquid crystal mask is applied to a wavelength converter, which converts the laser beam to one having a wavelength to which the object to be worked is sensitive. The converted laser beam is applied to the object to be worked.

Abstract: Novel trimethylolheptanes having three highly reactive hydroxyl groups are provided. They are useful as raw materials for the production of polyesters for use in or as raw materials or modifiers for paints, inks, adhesives, coating compositions and molding resins. Uses for the trimethylolheptanes are also provided.

Abstract: A laser marker comprises a liquid crystal device for displaying pattern information representative of a character to be printed on an object to be worked, a pulse laser oscillator, a liquid crystal device power switch connected to the liquid crystal device, a laser switch connected to the pulse laser oscillator, and timer circuits operative to retard the operation of the laser switch with respect to that of the liquid crystal device power switch, whereby after the character to be printed is displayed properly on the liquid crystal device, a pulse laser beam is irradiated on the liquid crystal device so as to sharply print the character on the object.

Abstract: A blood component monitoring system for monitoring chemical substances of interest in blood, which includes a transfusion circuit including a flow-through cell adapted to be fluid-connected with a blood vessel through an indwelling catheter, a reservoir for accommodating a quantity of physiologically compatible sensor correcting solution, a connecting tubing extending between the reservoir and the flow-through cell and a transfusion pump; a detector unit including a temperature sensor and a chemical sensitive sensor device both incorporated inside the flow-through cell.

Abstract: An ion activity monitoring device is disclosed, having a semi-conductor device including an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor, for detecting the activity of ions in a liquid medium of interest, and a temperature sensor, for detecting the temperature of the liquid medium of interest, a constant current circuit for supplying a drain current of a particular value to the transistor, and a processing circuit for calculating the concentration of the ions in the liquid medium of interest. The drain current is of a value satisfying the relationship of .vertline.Id/.beta..vertline..ltoreq.0.10 volt.sup.2, wherein Id represents the drain current and .beta. represents the channel characteristic value of the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor. A method for operating the transistor is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the quantities of chemical substances contained in a solution to be assayed by using a chemical-substance sensitive sensor consists of a potentiometric electrode which responds selectively to chemical substances, and a liquid-junction type reference electrode including a tube, a porous thread member housed in the front end opening of the tube and having a pore capacity of 0.2 cc/g or more and at least the surface of which is hydrophilic, a silver-silver chloride wire is provided and housed in the tube so that at one end of the wire is in contact with the thread member and the wire which extends along the tube. The wire is connected to a connector at the other end opening of the tube, an electrical insulating resin fills said tube, at least at the front end portion thereof, for fixing both the silver-silver chloride wire and the thread member by contact therewith and for stopping said tube. An internal solution is retained by suction in said porous thread member.

Abstract: A gas sensor which includes a reference electrode deposited on the surface of a pH-sensitive transducer having a gate-insulated field-effect transistor (FET) structure and adjacent a gate region of the FET, the transducer and reference electrode being housed in a flexible tube so that the gate region of the FET is located in an opening provided at the front end of or on the side wall of the tube. Lead wires connected to the FET and to the reference electrode extend along the tube. Between the inner wall of the tube and lead-wire FET bonding part is placed electrical insulation resin filling to stop the tube. A hydrophilic polymer layer containing electrolyte is provided which at least extends over both the FET gate region and a part of the reference electrode. A gas permeable membrane is laid over the polymer layer.

Abstract: An electrical circuitry for use in the measurement of the activity of ions in an electrolyte solution carried out by the use of an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor transducer having a gate or ion sensitive layer, a source and a drain. The measurement is carried out by adjusting the drain current flowing through the field-effect transistor to a predetermined value such that the temperature dependency of the electroconductivity of the channel of the transistor becomes equal to the sum of the temperature dependency of the potential at an interface between a reference electrode and the electrolyte solution and the temperature dependency of the potential at an interface between the ion-sensitive layer and the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A chemical sensitive field effect transistor transducer is provided having a semipermeable membrane on the surface of a chemical selective system overlying an insulated gate field effect transistor. Such a field effect transistor transducer is effective for the measurement of chemical constituents of factory waste water containing micro-particles, saliva or blood containing proteins, etc., where conventional devices give unreliable results.

Abstract: A reference electrode of an insulated gate field effect transistor having the surface of the gate region thereof coated with a hydrophobic organic polymer membrane. Since this reference electrode is much smaller in size than conventional reference electrodes, an integrated measurement system can easily be constructed by using this reference electrode. This measurement system is especially effective for measuring various ions in the living body.