Abstract: A data processing apparatus comprises at least one processor configured to execute an input module to receive an input dataset comprising a plurality of samples, each assigned to one of a plurality of variables, an encoder module to map the input dataset to a latent representation, a decoder module to process the latent representation and indicate a link category for each pair of variables, wherein the link category is selected from a set of categories including ‘no causal link’, ‘causally linked’ and ‘unknown’, and a reinforcement learning, RL, module to: (i) compare the link category for each pair of variables with the samples for the associated variables, (ii) generate a score function including an error term based on a result of the comparison, and (iii) update one or more parameters of the encoder module and decoder module based on the score function.

Abstract: A method of generating a structural model architecture, comprising receiving an input causality map, including: a plurality of variables, one or more links providing an indication of influence between pairs of variables, wherein at least one link provides an indication of influence between an input variable and at least one other variable; and one or more constraints associated with one or more of the variables and/or links, and generating an architecture for a structural model based on the input causality map, the structural model configured to predict a value of an output variable based on a value of at least one other variable in the plurality of variables.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for executing a data access transaction. The system comprises a server arrangement, the server arrangement being communicably coupled with at least one requesting device and at least one responding device. The server arrangement is configured to receive from a requesting device and a responding device, a first data and a second data respectively, wherein the first data and the second data are encrypted and temporally defined.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system, method and computer program for executing a data access transaction. The system comprises a server arrangement, communicably coupled with a requesting device(s) and a responding device(s). The server arrangement is configured to receive from the requesting device and the responding device, first data and second data respectively, wherein the first data and the second data are encrypted. Further, metadata of the first data is received from the requesting device; and an encrypted association score is determined by comparing the first data and the second data, wherein the encrypted association score is based at least on a dynamic evaluation component, wherein the dynamic evaluation component includes a causality measure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for executing a data access transaction. The system comprises a server arrangement, the server arrangement being communicably coupled with at least one requesting device and at least one responding device. The server arrangement is configured to receive from a requesting device and a responding device, a first data and a second data respectively, wherein the first data and the second data are encrypted and temporally defined.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for executing a data access transaction. The system comprises a server arrangement, the server arrangement being communicably coupled with at least one requesting device and at least one responding device. The server arrangement is configured to receive from a requesting device and a responding device, a first data and a second data respectively, wherein the first data and the second data are encrypted and temporally defined.