Abstract: The invention relates to immunoassays, methods for carrying out immunoassays, immunoassay kits and methods for manufacturing immunoassay kits. In particular, the invention has relevance to capillary (especially microcapillary) immunoassay technology.

Abstract: The invention relates to immunoassays, methods for carrying out immunoassays, immunoassay kits and methods for manufacturing immunoassay kits. In particular, the invention has relevance to capillary (especially microcapillary) immunoassay technology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a confectionery product comprising an extruded body portion, the body portion being formed from a material which is liquid during extrusion and which has a plurality of capillaries disposed therein, the capillaries having an average width or diameter of no more than 3 mm. The invention also relates to a process of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A batchwise or continuous process for producing coagulated particles of polymer latex, involves partially or completely filling at least one receptacle with a fluid A which can be water, a polymer latex emulsion or a coagulant solution, the receptacle being equipped with baffles containing at least one orifice, injecting into the receptacle at least one fluid other than the fluid of the preceding stage, the injected fluid being a polymer latex emulsion and/or a coagulant solution, and in then creating and maintaining within the receptacle an oscillatory flow or an impulsive flow, in conjunction with the formation of eddies or of vortices.

Abstract: Shaped articles of fat-containing confectionery material are formed by extruding a fat-based confectionery material under pressure so that it passes to and through a flow-constriction and a die so that the material subjected to extrusion and the extrudate from the die are in a non-pourable state and so that the material subjected to extrusion plastically deforms and so that the extrudate is plastically deformable, and then while the extrudate is plastically deformable, extrudate is placed in a molding tool and pressed to shape an article which then is demolded, or extrudate is fed to a nip of counter-rotating rollers having depressions which upon passage of the extrudate in the nip between the rollers shape the extrudate.

Abstract: Vacuum pressure is applied in a process for extrusion of fat-based confectionery materials, particularly chocolate, chocolate substitute and chocolate analog materials. In the process, a fat-containing confectionery material is fed to, into and through an extruder having a flow constriction and die to obtain an extrudate from the die under conditions of temperature, pressure, contraction ratio and extrusion rate so that the material and the extrudate obtained from the die are in a non-pourable state and so that the material is deformed plastically in the extruder and so that the extrudate is plastically deformable for a period of time, and in the process, the vacuum pressure is applied to the material at a point prior to passing the material through the flow constriction.

Abstract: A fat-containing confectionery material is passed through an extruder and to and through a flow-constriction die to obtain an extrudate from the die so that the material passed through the extruder and die and so that the extrudate from the die are at a temperature so that the material and extrudate are in a non-pourable state and so that the material passed to the die plastically deforms, and the material is passed by pins positioned in the die so that the extrudate obtained from the die has passages which extend transversely to an extrudate cross-section to obtain a product structure having the passages.

Abstract: Crystalline polymer fibrils having a highly ordered crystalline core surrounded by less ordered crystalline polymer are produced by causing a solution of the polymer to flow through a gauze. The solution is at a temperature below the dissolution temperature of the polymer but above the temperature at which the polymer will crystallize spontaneously in an unstirred solution. The flow rate is selected in relation to the gauze dimensions to impart a sufficiently high longitudinal velocity gradient to the solution flowing through the gauze, preferably about 10.sup.2 sec.sup..sup.-1 or greater.

Abstract: Molten crystallizable polymer is extruded through an orifice. Opposite the orifice on the upstream side is a fixed surface arranged so as to provide in the molten polymer a line of uniaxial extension or a plane of pure shear passing through the orifice. The polymer is extruded at a temperature and flow rate such as to cause a core of crystalline polymer to form in the melt along said line or plane. It is particularly suitable for extruding a continuous filament having a highly crystalline core in a generally less crystalline matrix of the polymer.