Abstract: An electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (I); where X1 to X4 are each a substituent represented by the following general formula (II), an alkyl group that may contain a functional group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group that may contain a functional group, or a hydrogen atom, and at least two selected from X1 to X4 are the substituents represented by the general formula (II); where R1 to R8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent group that may contain a substituent; B is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent group that may contain a functional group; A? is a monovalent anion; and m is any of 0 to 3, and R1 to R8, B, and m may each independently be different when a plurality of the substituents represented by the general formula (II) are present.

Abstract: A transmission including a variator capable of continuously changing a speed ratio, a stepped transmission mechanism arranged in series with the variator and in which a gear position is switched and a shilling control unit executing stepped shifting repeatedly performing a shifting suppression phase and an upshift phase when a stepped upshift shifting condition is satisfied is provided, and the shifting control unit completes a change from an n-th gear position of the stepped transmission mechanism to an n+1 gear position if the stepped transmission mechanism is at the n-th gear position before the through speed ratio reaches a Highest speed ratio of the variator when the stepped shifting is performed.

Abstract: An electrochromic device, which contains: one support; a first electrode layer formed on the support; a second electrode layer provided to face the first electrode layer; an electrochromic layer provided to be in contact with the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer; a solid electrolyte layer containing inorganic particles, which is filled between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and is provided to be in contact with the electrochromic layer; and a protective layer provided on the second electrode layer.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device is provided. The electrochromic display device includes a first substrate; a first electrode formed of a transparent conductive film, overlying the first substrate; a second electrode formed of a transparent conductive film, overlying the first electrode; a white reflective layer, overlying the second electrode; a reflective layer, overlying the white reflective layer; a support substrate, overlying the reflective layer; an electrochromic layer, adjacent to the first electrode or the second electrode; and an electrolyte, present between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic display element, which contains: a display substrate; a display electrode; an electrochromic layer provided in contact with the display electrode; a counter substrate provided to face the display substrate; a counter electrode; a charge retention layer provided in contact with the counter electrode; and an electrolyte layer filling between the display substrate and the counter substrate, wherein the electrochromic layer contains titanium oxide particles, and metal hydroxide is dispersed on surfaces and in inner parts of the titanium oxide particles.

Abstract: The automatic transmission includes a first friction engagement element which is engaged when a first gear position is realized and disengaged when a second gear position is realized, a second friction engagement element which is engaged when the second gear position is realized and disengaged when the first gear position is realized, and a controller. The controller causes the second friction engagement element to slip by decreasing an instructional pressure for the second friction engagement element while running in the second gear position, and learns an engagement start pressure of the first friction engagement element based on a change in a differential rotation of the second friction engagement element, or in a parameter that changes in accordance with the differential rotation, at a time when an instructional pressure for the first friction engagement element is increased during the slip.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (I): General Formula (I) where X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 and X8 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent; R1 and R2 are each independently a monovalent substituent; A? and B? are each independently a monovalent anion; and Y is represented by the following general formula (II) or (III): General Formula (II) General Formula (III) where X9, X10, X12, X13, X14, X15, X16, X17, and X18 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.

Abstract: A transmission controller determines whether or not to downshift a sub-transmission mechanism based on an opening and an opening speed of an accelerator pedal and a torque change rate of an engine, and downshifts the sub-transmission mechanism when a determination is made to downshift the sub-transmission mechanism.

Abstract: A transmission controller determines whether or not an input rotation speed of a sub-transmission mechanism is stagnant and executes a feedback control by adding a rotation speed change rate feedback correction amount caused by a difference between a target input rotation speed change rate and an actual input rotation speed change rate of the sub-transmission mechanism to a rotation speed feedback correction amount if the input rotation speed is determined to be stagnant.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission includes a variator, a sub-transmission mechanism, target value setting means configured to set a speed ratio corresponding to a select gear position as a target value of a through speed ratio which is an overall speed ratio of the variator and the sub-transmission mechanism, shift control means configured to perform a variator shift of downshifting the variator so that the through speed ratio reaches the target value and a coordinated shift of upshifting the variator to maintain the through speed ratio while downshifting the sub-transmission mechanism immediately after the variator is downshifted, and torque increasing means configured to increase a torque input to the continuously variable transmission from the power source more than a torque before the determination of the downshift instruction during the coordinated shift.

Abstract: An electrochromic device, which contains: one support; a first electrode layer formed on the support; a second electrode layer provided to face the first electrode layer; an electrochromic layer provided to be in contact with the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer; a solid electrolyte layer containing inorganic particles, which is filled between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and is provided to be in contact with the electrochromic layer; and a protective layer provided on the second electrode layer.

Abstract: The automatic transmission includes a first friction engagement element which is engaged when a first gear position is realized and disengaged when a second gear position is realized, a second friction engagement element which is engaged when the second gear position is realized and disengaged when the first gear position is realized, and a controller. The controller causes the second friction engagement element to slip by decreasing an instructional pressure for the second friction engagement element while running in the second gear position, and learns an engagement start pressure of the first friction engagement element based on a change in a differential rotation of the second friction engagement element, or in a parameter that changes in accordance with the differential rotation, at a time when an instructional pressure for the first friction engagement element is increased during the slip.

Abstract: When a through speed ratio, which is an overall speed ratio of a variator and a subtransmission mechanism, varies from a larger speed ratio than a mode switch speed ratio to a smaller speed ratio than the mode switch speed ratio, a gear position of the subtransmission mechanism is changed from a first gear position to a second gear position. The mode switch speed ratio is set at a through speed ratio obtained when the speed ratio of the variator is a Highest speed ratio and the gear position of the subtransmission mechanism is the first gear position.

Abstract: A transmission controller executes synchronization shift of shifting a variator in a direction opposite to a speed ratio change direction of a sub transmission mechanism when shifting a sub transmission mechanism. When a gear position of the sub transmission mechanism is at the second gear position and an output increase request of a power source is made, the transmission controller prohibits the synchronization shift and shifts only the sub transmission mechanism from a second gear position to a first gear position.

Abstract: The shift control unit shifts the sub-transmission mechanism while changing the speed ratio of the variator in response to a change in the speed ratio of the sub-transmission mechanism so that the through speed ratio does not change after the through speed ratio is caused to reach the final through speed ratio by changing only the speed ratio of the variator if the speed ratio corresponding to the shift instruction from the driver is between a first speed ratio at which the sub-transmission mechanism is in the second gear position at the high speed side and the speed ratio of the variator is lowest and a second speed ratio at which the sub-transmission mechanism is in the first gear position at the low speed side and the speed ratio of the variator is highest when the manual mode is selected.

Abstract: In a manual mode, a gear position of a continuously variable transmission is selected based on an input operation from a driver, a final through speed ratio is set based on the selected gear position and a variator and a sub-transmission mechanism are controlled to realize the final through speed ratio. Whether an input torque to the sub-transmission mechanism is positive or negative is determined based on an input torque to the sub-transmission mechanism when the manual mode is selected.

Abstract: A transmission controller permits a 2-1 shift, in which a gear position of a subtransmission mechanism is changed from a second speed to a first speed, when an accelerator pedal has been depressed to or above a predetermined opening. The gear position of the subtransmission mechanism is changed from the second speed to the first speed when an actual through speed ratio passes a mode switch line from a High side to a Low side while the 2-1 shift is permitted in the subtransmission mechanism.

Abstract: The shift control unit executes a control to cause the through speed ratio to follow the final through speed ratio by changing only the speed ratio of the variator if a shift instruction is given from the driver a plurality of times in a row when the manual mode is selected, and advances the start of a change in the speed ratio of the sub-transmission mechanism or accelerates the progression of the change of the speed ratio as compared with the case where the manual mode is not selected when the speed ratio of the variator is maximized or minimized and the through speed ratio cannot follow the final through speed ratio.

Abstract: When a through speed ratio, which is an overall speed ratio of a variator and a subtransmission mechanism, varies from a larger speed ratio than a mode switch speed ratio to a smaller speed ratio than the mode switch speed ratio, a gear position of the subtransmission mechanism is changed from a first gear position to a second gear position. The mode switch speed ratio is set at a through speed ratio obtained when the speed ratio of the variator is a Highest speed ratio and the gear position of the subtransmission mechanism is the first gear position.

Abstract: A transmission control unit reduces a hydraulic pressure of a release-side frictional engagement element which is to be released of a sub-transmission mechanism and reduces this reduction amount as an input torque to the sub-transmission mechanism increases at the time of starting a shift when a manual mode is selected, the input torque is positive and the sub-transmission mechanism is to be shifted down.