Abstract: A dental centrifugal casting apparatus includes a crucible for receiving a dental casting material, a crucible holding unit for holding the crucible, a heating furnace such as a high-frequency induction heating furnace for heating and melting the dental casting material in the crucible, a crucible forward and backward rotary driving unit for driving the crucible holding unit forward and backward so as to insert the crucible into the heating furnace to heat and melt the material in the crucible and remove the crucible from the furnace, and for rotationally driving the crucible holding unit so as to inject the melted material into a mold at a predetermined position, a bucket for holding the mold in which the molten material is injected by the forward and backward motion and the rotation of the crucible performed by the crucible forward and backward rotary driving unit, and a centrifuge unit for rotating a rotary arm swingably mounting the bucket on its end portion at high speed immediately after the material is

Abstract: A film end detector for use in automatic film winding camera comprises a rotary disc having a light transmitting area and mounted on the drive shaft of a motor which is used to wind up a film automatically. The rotation of the disc is monitored by a combination of a light source and light receiving, photoelectric transducer element which are disposed to monitor the passage of light through the light transmitting area, thus detecting a film end. Logic circuits examine the output of the photoelectric transducer element at predetermined intervals to ascertain the completion or failure of completion of a normal film-winding operation.

Abstract: A photographing apparatus employs a real time photometry technique, and includes a central processing unit to which information concerning the characteristic of a film such as a film speed and other information relating to photographing conditions are supplied through input means. The central processing unit selectively controls the connection of integrating capacitors in an integrating circuit on the basis of such input information, and accurately derives an expected exposure period and the remainder of the exposure period. Also, a display of various information is permitted.

Abstract: A photographing apparatus includes a central processing unit to which input information is supplied inclusive of film speed, correction factors to correct for the failure of the reciprocity law and other photographing conditions which are based on such input information, controls a selective connection of integrating capacitors in an integrating circuit and calculates an expected exposure period and the remainder of the exposure period in which the failure of the reciprocity law is corrected for.

Abstract: A photographing apparatus detects whether a film winding assembly mounted utilizes an automatic or a manual film winding mechanism. The apparatus includes detecting means in the form of a diode across which a voltage is developed in response to a current flow through a film winding motor of the automatic film winding mechanism. The voltage developed across the diode permits a discrimination whether the film winding assembly mounted utilizes an automatic or a manual film winding mechanism.

Abstract: An integrating time detector derives an integrating time interval within a reduced period of time, by decreasing a reference voltage against which an integrated voltage is compared in accordance with a time function stored in a computer.

Abstract: A fluorescence determining microscope scans the surface of a specimen with laser light. The fluorescence produced is split into components of different wavelengths, and the fluorescence of the respective wavelengths is determined.