Abstract: Provided is a redundant system capable of executing a start request received during update of a microcomputer control program even when an external nonvolatile memory is employed in a redundant system in which one load is controlled by a plurality of control circuits having a redundant configuration, the redundant system being low in cost and excellent in responsiveness. In the redundant system that controls one load by a plurality of control systems having a redundant configuration, when an update program signal for the plurality of control systems is received, update of a control program for each of the plurality of control systems in a predetermined order is individually executed, and when a start request of the load is received during the execution of the update of a control program of one predetermined system, the load is controlled by a system other than the one predetermined system, and during the control, the update of the control program of the one predetermined system is continued.

Abstract: A color wheel including a disk-shaped substrate made of a light-transmittable medium and a plurality of filters arranged on the substrate is fabricated. Each filter is capable of selectively transmitting rays of light having a desired wavelength. The method of fabricating the color wheel including the steps of forming at least one of a plurality of adjoining selective color-transmittable films as the filters each at a predetermined area on a front side of the disk-shaped substrate, and utilizing, as a mask for exposure from a back side of the disk-shaped substrate, a portion containing at least one of two borders with which each one of the plurality of adjoining selective color-transmittable films is defined.

Abstract: A transparent laminated product comprising a transparent substrate and a 5-layered transparent coating composed of a first transparent oxide layer formed on the substrate, a second Ag layer formed on the first transparent oxide layer, a third first transparent oxide layer formed on the second layer, a fourth Ag layer formed on the third transparent oxide layer and a fifth transparent oxide layer formed on the fourth layer, and having a visible ray transmission of at least 60%, wherein the thickness of each Ag layer is from 60 to 250 A, and each transparent oxide layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of SnO.sub.2, Sn.sub.1-x Zn.sub.x O.sub.y, and TiO.sub.2.

Abstract: A transparent laminated product comprising a transparent substrate and a coating composed of transparent oxide and silver layers alternately laminated in a total of (2n+1) (n.gtoreq.2) layers with the inner most and outer most layers being transparent oxide layers and having a surface resistance of at most 10 .OMEGA./sq. and a visible ray transmission of at least 60%.

Abstract: A method for fabrication of an electrochromic device having perfect tight closure of the cell, wherein two or more banks constituting an external frame for the substrates are formed with use of a sealing material at the peripheral positions on the surface of the first or second substrate where the electrode has been formed; then a gel-like electrolytic solution is placed on the surface of the first substrate; thereafter the second substrate is disposed with the surface side thereof where the electrode has been formed being opposed to the surface side of the first substrate where the electrode has been formed; and finally both first and second substrates are laid one on the other to be contact-bonded, and wherein the two or more banks are composed of one or more cured inner bank and an uncured outer bank; when the uncured outer bank is in the two-stage structure having a height taller than that of the inner bank, and is of such two-stage structure composed of a cured bank having a height shorter than that of t

Abstract: An electro-optical device containing an electrochromic material layer and electrolytic solution interposed between mutually opposed base plates, each having an electrode on the surface thereof, wherein said electrolytic solution consists essentially of (a) an iodide source material as a redox reaction promoter selected from the group consisting of metal iodides and ammonium iodides, and (b) a lactone solvent capable of dissolving the redox reaction promoter, with the proviso that when the iodide ion source material is not also a metal cation source, a cation source material capable of generating H.sup.+ or Li.sup.+ is further added.

Abstract: An optical article having improved heat resistance, which comprises a substrate and at least one laminated coating formed on the substrate, the laminated coating comprising a highly expansive layer having a high thermal expansion coefficient and a less expansive layer having a thermal expansion coefficient lower than that of the highly expansive layer, wherein the improvement is characterized in that a Ti coating layer or a Cr coating layer is interposed at the interface between the highly expansive layer and the less expansive layer.

Abstract: A glass body comprising an alkali-containing glass substrate and a silicon oxide layer formed on its surface for preventing diffusion of alkali metal ions from the glass substrate. Said silicon oxide layer contains hydrogen bonded to silicon.

Abstract: An electro-optical device comprising an electrolyte layer held between a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic material placed on at least one of said electrodes, wherein said electrolyte layer comprises an organic material and a chelating agent and an electro-optical light controlling device comprising an electrolyte layer held between a pair of transmissive electrodes and an electrochromic material placed on at least one of said electrodes; wherein said electrolyte layer comprises a non-liquid material of an adhesive or tacky high polymer and a material having coordinating function to a metal.

Abstract: An infrared reflecting laminated glass having more than 70% transmission of visible rays comprising a pair of glass sheets with flexible, laminated interlayer films is disclosed wherein the interlayer films comprise a pair of polyvinyl butyral interlayer films which hold an infrared reflecting plastic film. The infrared reflecting plastic film is formed by sequentially coating, on a plastic film, a tungsten oxide layer havig a thickness of 180A to 500A or 1400A to 1600A, a silver layer having a thickness of 80A to 150A, and a tungsten oxide layer having a thickness of 180A to 500A or 1400A to 1600A, wherein at least one of the polyvinyl butyral interlayer films incorporates an ultraviolet absorbent.

Abstract: Infra-red reflecting electrochromic light controlling panel comprising, successively in laminated structure, first transparent plate, a transparent electroconductive film, an interlayer of polymer electrolyte, first tungsten oxide film, an infra-red reflecting and electroconductive metal film, second tungsten oxide film and second transparent plate. The first tungsten oxide film is colored when it is applied to negative voltage. The panel can be used as an infra-red reflecting window which regulates the transmission of visible light and solar energy by applying electric field to the first tungsten oxide film.