Abstract: The present invention provides a polyvinyl alcohol composition comprising polyvinyl alcohol, plasticizer, and one or more components selected from the group consisting of biodegradable polymer, compatibilizer, surfactant, antioxidant, and properties modifier. The polyvinyl alcohol composition of the present application is melt-processable, biodegradable and water-soluble. The present invention also relates to the method for producing the polyvinyl alcohol composition, and the use of the same.

Abstract: A temperature manipulating apparatus for providing heating to different components of a vehicle, which includes a base medium made of rigid or flexible materials, such as glass, ceramic, plastic sheet, a fabric sheet and a leather sheet. The temperature manipulating apparatus includes a plurality of heat generating elements which are connected to the plurality of electricity conducting electrodes. The temperature manipulating apparatus includes a plurality of electricity conducting electrodes which are disposed on the heat generating elements and the base medium. The temperature manipulating apparatus may be supplied electricity from an electric power source via a connecting module. The plurality of heat generating elements may be in form of one or more layers of electrically conductive elements disposed on the base medium.