Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for inducing intermittent fasting and modulating autophagy in cells or organs in a subject via periodic administration of arginine-depleting agents. Induction of intermittent fasting and modulation of autophagy are useful in preventing and/or treating diseases, including those associated with deficits in autophagy, promoting the clearance of intracellular pathogens and protein aggregates, and promoting regeneration and longevity. The methods can be used alone or in combination with other agents to enhance intermittent fasting and autophagy activity to potentiate the health benefit(s).