Abstract: The present invention provides a polyurethane which has excellent flame retardance and various excellent performances. A phosphoramidate compound having a specific structure is used as a flame retardant for a polyurethane foam or a polyurethane elastomer. By mixing this flame retardant with a raw material of a polyurethane resin (polyol, polyisocyanate and various additives), a polyurethane reactive raw material composition is obtained. By reacting the polyisocyanate and active hydrogen-containing compounds such as polyol in the polyurethane reactive raw material composition, a curing reaction takes place and a polyurethane foam composition or polyurethane elastomer composition is obtained. The obtained polyurethane resin composition has excellent flame retardance and other excellent performances as the polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide an organic-inorganic hybrid acrylic polymer having an increased refractive index, which has a higher transparency and a less impaired scratch resistance; a metal oxide dispersion and a polymerizable composition as materials for the polymer; and the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer capable of being produced in a crack-free manner. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a high-performance antireflection film using the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer. The metal oxide dispersion of the present invention comprises a phosphorus compound represented by Formula (1): (wherein, R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group; R2 is an organic residue; and n is 1 or 2) and a metal oxide.

Abstract: Provided are a method for easily and quickly producing a patterned thin film having a high refractive index and a high transparency, and a highly refractive thin film produced by the method. The method comprises a first step: a step of forming, on a substrate, a coating using a sol containing a metal oxide modified with a phosphorus compound represented by the following formula (1): (wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group; R2 is a divalent organic residue; and n is 1 or 2); a second step: a step of curing the coating on the substrate obtained in the first step by light irradiation; and a third step: a step of further adding energy to the cured film obtained in the second step by heating and/or light irradiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyurethane which has excellent flame retardance and various excellent performances. A phosphoramidate compound having a specific structure is used as a flame retardant for a polyurethane foam or a polyurethane elastomer. By mixing this flame retardant with a raw material of a polyurethane resin (polyol, polyisocyanate and various additives), a polyurethane reactive raw material composition is obtained. By reacting the polyisocyanate and active hydrogen-containing compounds such as polyol in the polyurethane reactive raw material composition, a curing reaction takes place and a polyurethane foam composition or polyurethane elastomer composition is obtained. The obtained polyurethane resin composition has excellent flame retardance and other excellent performances as the polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer.

Abstract: Provided are a method for easily and quickly producing a patterned thin film having a high refractive index and a high transparency, and a highly refractive thin film produced by the method. The method comprises a first step: a step of forming, on a substrate, a coating using a sol containing a metal oxide modified with a phosphorus compound represented by the following formula (1): (wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group; R2 is a divalent organic residue; and n is 1 or 2); a second step: a step of curing the coating on the substrate obtained in the first step by light irradiation; and a third step: a step of further adding energy to the cured film obtained in the second step by heating and/or light irradiation.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide an organic-inorganic hybrid acrylic polymer having an increased refractive index, which has a higher transparency and a less impaired scratch resistance; a metal oxide dispersion and a polymerizable composition as materials for the polymer; and the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer capable of being produced in a crack-free manner. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a high-performance antireflection film using the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer. The metal oxide dispersion of the present invention comprises a phosphorus compound represented by Formula (1): (wherein, R1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group; R2 is an organic residue; and n is 1 or 2) and a metal oxide.

Abstract: A peak-hold circuit includes a differential amplifier having first and second transistors as a differential pair, the first transistor receiving an input signal at its gate, a third transistor connected between a first power supply and an output node connecting a gate of the second transistor, connectivity of the third transistor being controlled by the output of the differential amplifier, a capacitor for holding a peak voltage, connected between the output node and a second power supply, a resistor for discharging, which is connected in parallel to the capacitor, and a fourth transistor connected to the first transistor in parallel, the fourth transistor receiving at its gate an a reference voltage for limiting a voltage.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing in a high purity and in a high yield phosphonates having a secondary and/or tertiary alcoholic hydroxyl group at the end of a P—C bond chain thereof with the use of a phosphite and a carbonyl compound as raw materials.

Abstract: A load driving device including a semiconductor switch arranged in a current path extending from a power supply to a load. A control circuit controls activation and deactivation of the semiconductor switch. The control circuit deactivates the semiconductor switch when it is determined that overcurrent is flowing through the current path. A current detector detects current that is flowing through the current path. The control circuit determines that overcurrent is flowing when the current detector continuously detects current that is greater than a threshold value over a predetermined detection time. The detection time is set to be shorter than the time from when the current in the current path exceeds the threshold value to when an increase in resistance value of the semiconductor switch resulting from heat generated by the current lowers the current to the threshold value.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator which performs an oscillating operation at a frequency corresponding to a control voltage, includes a voltage-current converter circuit which converts the control voltage to a control current corresponding to a voltage value thereof, and a ring oscillator through which an operating current corresponding to the control current generated by the voltage-current converter circuit is caused to flow, and which oscillates at a frequency corresponding to a current value thereof. The voltage-current converter circuit has a voltage-voltage converting circuit which inputs the control voltage therein and converts the same to a control current corresponding to the voltage value thereof, and an offset current generating circuit which adds a constant current to the control current.

Abstract: A phosphate-phosphonate compound which is lowly volatile, has a high phosphorus content, and does not influence various properties of a product when used as a material therefor. It is reduced in environmental burden in view of suitability for recycling and contains no halogen atoms including chlorine and bromine. The phosphorus compound has a phosphate-phosphonate bond within the molecule and has a specific ring structure. Because of this, the compound has excellent flame retardancy. Addition of the phosphate-phosphonate compound as a flame retardant for polyurethanes or polyesters imparts satisfactory plasticity and flame retardancy. The flame retardant is reduced in the exertion of adverse influences on the material properties of, in particular, polyurethane foams, polyester fibers, and the like.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing in a high purity and in a high yield phosphonates having a secondary and/or tertiary alcoholic hydroxyl group at the end of a P—C bond chain thereof with the use of a phosphite and a carbonyl compound as raw materials.

Abstract: A peak-hold circuit includes a differential amplifier having first and second transistors as a differential pair, the first transistor receiving an input signal at its gate, a third transistor connected between a first power supply and an output node connecting a gate of the second transistor, connectivity of the third transistor being controlled by the output of the differential amplifier, a capacitor for holding a peak voltage, connected between the output node and a second power supply, a resistor for discharging, which is connected in parallel to the capacitor, and a fourth transistor connected to the first transistor in parallel, the fourth transistor receiving at its gate an a reference voltage for limiting a voltage.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator which performs an oscillating operation at a frequency corresponding to a control voltage, includes a voltage-current converter circuit which converts the control voltage to a control current corresponding to a voltage value thereof, and a ring oscillator through which an operating current corresponding to the control current generated by the voltage-current converter circuit is caused to flow, and which oscillates at a frequency corresponding to a current value thereof. The voltage-current converter circuit has a voltage-voltage converting circuit which inputs the control voltage therein and converts the same to a control current corresponding to the voltage value thereof, and an offset current generating circuit which adds a constant current to the control current.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phosphate-phosphonate compound which has a low volatility and a high phosphorus content, does not exert adverse influences on the physical properties of a product containing the phosphate-phosphonate compound as a material, and is recyclable and causes substantially no environmental load since a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom or a bromine atom is not included. A phosphorus compound containing a phosphate-phosphonate bond in one molecule and having a specific structure has a high flame retarding property. By using a phosphate-phosphonate compound as a flame retarding agent for a polyurethane or for a polyester, preferable plasticity and flame retarding property are obtained. Such a flame retardant agent exerts substantially no adverse influences on the physical properties of a polyurethane foam or a polyester fiber.

Abstract: The copying machine of this embodiment has a first registration method and second registration method. The first registration method in which copy modes such as the number of copies, magnification, copy darkness and need for collation are set using an operation panel in the same way as in conventional copying machines to register a job. The second registration method in which a desired job is selected from the job list displayed on the liquid crystal panel when the job list key is pressed, the copy modes and image of the selected job are revised, and the revised job is registered as a new job, or the selected job is registered as a new job without undergoing revision.

Abstract: A mechanism for facilitating necessary axial adjustments for an image reader unit with a simple arrangement and operation. The image reader unit 2, on which a sensor 4 and a lens 6 are joined to each other in a specific positional relationship along the optical axis L, is so held by a supporting mechanism 41 that the image reader unit 2 can rotate at the lens side about an axis R of rotation which is parallel to the optical axis L and can swing at the sensor side vertically about a pivotal point P which is located on the axis R. A height adjusting mechanism 42 rotatably supports the image reader unit 2 at the sensor side and adjusts its height, and a tilt adjusting mechanism 43 adjusts the inclination of the image reader unit 2 by rotation around the axis R.