Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack and a control device that controls operation of the fuel cell system based on a measured voltage value measured by a voltage sensor. When the fuel cell system is started and a value measured by a temperature sensor is equal to or less than a temperature determined in advance, the control device raises the voltage of the fuel cell stack until a voltage condition determined in advance is met, by supplying a cathode with an oxidant gas before current sweep is started. The control device sets a voltage command value and a current command value such that an operation point of the fuel cell stack is on an equal power line of the fuel cell stack when the operation point is caused to transition in at least a part of a transition period.

Abstract: A system includes a first apparatus and a second apparatus, the first apparatus comprises a detection unit configured to detect an error, and a notification unit configured to notify occurrence of the error, and the second apparatus comprises a reception unit configured to receive the notification, and a revocation unit configured to revoke a certificate of the first apparatus based on the notification received by the reception unit.

Abstract: A semiconductor device manufacturing method, includes: a preparing process for preparing a conductive plate, a semiconductor chip arranged over the conductive plate with a first bonding material therebetween, and a connection terminal including a bonding portion arranged over the semiconductor chip with a second bonding material therebetween; a first jig arrangement process for arranging a first guide jig, through which a first guide hole pierces, over the conductive plate, such that the first guide hole corresponds to the bonding portion in a plan view of the semiconductor device; and a first pressing process for inserting a pillar-shaped pressing jig, which includes a pressing portion at a lower end portion thereof, into the first guide hole, and pressing the bonding portion of the connection terminal to a side of the conductive plate with the pressing portion.

Abstract: A joint surgical system includes, a treatment tool, a high-frequency output section which outputs high-frequency energy to the treatment tool, an ultrasonic output section which outputs ultrasonic energy to the treatment tool, a measurement section which measures a temperature of the liquid, and a control section which controls the high-frequency output section to stop output of the high-frequency energy and controls the ultrasonic output section to continue output of the ultrasonic energy when a measurement temperature measured by the measurement section is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A freezing diagnosing device to be installed in an engine includes an ambient temperature sensor, a liquid temperature sensor, and a freezing determination unit. The ambient temperature sensor detects an ambient temperature. The liquid temperature sensor detects the temperature of a liquid held in the engine. The freezing determination unit determines that a freezing state of a pipe coupled to a pressure sensor in the engine is established when one or both of a first condition and a second condition are satisfied. The first condition is that the ambient temperature detected by the ambient temperature sensor is equal to or less than a first threshold. The second condition is that the temperature of the liquid detected by the liquid temperature sensor is equal to or less than a second threshold.

Abstract: A freezing diagnosing device to be installed in an engine includes an ambient temperature sensor, a liquid temperature sensor, and a freezing determination unit. The ambient temperature sensor detects an ambient temperature. The liquid temperature sensor detects the temperature of a liquid held in the engine. The freezing determination unit determines that a freezing state of a pipe coupled to a pressure sensor in the engine is established when one or both of a first condition and a second condition are satisfied. The first condition is that the ambient temperature detected by the ambient temperature sensor is equal to or less than a first threshold. The second condition is that the temperature of the liquid detected by the liquid temperature sensor is equal to or less than a second threshold.

Abstract: A Qround process is executed in a Round process for respective blocks related to the ChaCha algorithm. At that time, in a case where a target round to be operated is a specific round, the execution of the Qround process is skipped. Accordingly, unnecessary process steps are eliminated in execution of the ChaCha algorithm.

Abstract: A probe unit includes, a probe configured to treat a bone by ultrasonic vibration, a hollow sheath which surrounds the probe and which has a first portion at a small distance from a central axis, and a second portion at a greater distance from the central axis than the first portion, and a knob configured to rotate the sheath relative to the probe between a first position for insertion between the bone and a living tissue facing the bone so that the first portion is located between the bone and the living tissue and a second position for insertion between the bone and the living tissue so that the second portion is located between the bone and the living tissue.

Abstract: A method for revision arthroplasty of an embodiment is detaching an existing femur component of an artificial joint from a femur, the existing femur component being fixed by cement, and the artificial joint being composed of the existing femur component and an acetabulum component; breaking and removing the cement and bone remaining in an attaching of the femur from which the existing femur component was detached, by transmitting ultrasonic vibration to a treating section provided at a probe distal end of an ultrasonic treatment device when the treating section is brought into contact with the cement and the bone, and regenerating an attaching hole for a new femur component; applying cement in the regenerated attaching hole; and attaching and fixing a new femur component in the regenerated attaching hole.

Abstract: A surgical procedure of preparing bone holes to fix an implanted tendon to a femur when performing reconstruction of a ligament in a knee joint, includes: bringing a treatment portion of an ultrasonic treatment instrument into contact with the femur in the knee joint, and applying ultrasonic vibration from the treatment portion to the femur, thereby cutting and forming a first bone hole from the inside of the knee joint to the femur in a predetermined depth.

Abstract: A method for replacement arthroplasty of an embodiment is losing precise cutting and surface unevenness and performing the smoothening treatment to the part of the joint region which the component of the artificial joint attaches, using an ultrasonic treatment device, and exact processing can be performed, dimensional processing accuracy also becomes high, and bonding surfaces stick it without a crevice, and it controls generating of wear debris by friction.

Abstract: A joint surgical system includes, a treatment tool, a high-frequency output section which outputs high-frequency energy to the treatment tool, an ultrasonic output section which outputs ultrasonic energy to the treatment tool, a measurement section which measures a temperature of the liquid, and a control section which controls the high-frequency output section to stop output of the high-frequency energy and controls the ultrasonic output section to continue output of the ultrasonic energy when a measurement temperature measured by the measurement section is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A joint surgical system includes, a treatment tool, a high-frequency output section which outputs high-frequency energy to the treatment tool, an ultrasonic output section which outputs ultrasonic energy to the treatment tool, a measurement section which measures a temperature of the liquid, and a control section which controls the high-frequency output section to stop output of the high-frequency energy and controls the ultrasonic output section to continue output of the ultrasonic energy when a measurement temperature measured by the measurement section is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A joint surgical treatment under an arthroscope, includes: excising a treatment object of a synovial membrane, by transmitting an ultrasonic vibration to a treating portion of an ultrasonic device in a state where the treating portion is in contact with the treatment object of the synovial membrane; facing the treating portion to a treatment object of a cartilage, the treating portion being used in excising the treatment object of the synovial membrane; and removing the treatment object of the cartilage, by contacting the treating portion with the treatment object of the cartilage, and by transmitting the ultrasonic vibration to the treating portion in a state where the treating portion is in contact with the treatment object of the cartilage.

Abstract: A knee joint surgical treatment under an arthroscope includes: contacting a treating portion of an ultrasonic device with an end region to which an ACL or a PCL of a tibia adheres and with a start region to which the ACL or the PCL of a femur adheres, excising the tibia and a remaining ligament of the ACL, or the tibia and a remaining ligament of the PCL, excising the femur and a remaining ligament of the ACL, or the femur and a remaining ligament of the PCL by ultrasonically vibrating the treating portion, thereby exposing footprints of the tibia and the femur; and forming tunnels between the footprint of the tibia and a medial side of a rough surface of the tibia and between the footprint of the femur and an lateral surface of a lateral condyle of the femur.

Abstract: A surgical treatment of an ACL or a PCL of a knee joint under an arthroscope, includes: contacting a treating portion of an ultrasonic device with a start region to which the ACL or the PCL of a femur adheres, and excising the femur and a remaining ligament of the ACL, or the femur and a remaining ligament of the PCL by ultrasonically vibrating the treating portion, thereby exposing a footprint of the femur; and contacting the treating portion with an end region to which the ACL or the PCL of a tibia adheres, and excising the tibia and a remaining ligament of the ACL, or the tibia and a remaining ligament of the PCL by ultrasonically vibrating the treating portion, thereby exposing a footprint of the tibia.

Abstract: A joint surgical treatment includes bringing a treating portion of an ultrasonic device into contact with a damaged region of a cartilage that is a treated object region in the joint, and transmitting an ultrasonic vibration to the treating portion in contact with the treated object region while observing the treated object region with the arthroscope to remove the treated object region of the cartilage. The ultrasonic vibration is used to remove the treated object so as to smoothly continue a removed surface from which the treated object region is removed and a non-removed surface adjacent to the removed surface without forming any corners between the surfaces in the cartilage.

Abstract: A surgical treatment of a ligament of a knee joint under an arthroscope, includes: forming concave holes from the region of the tibia to which the ligament adheres toward an inner side of a rough surface of the tibia and from the region of the femur to which the ligament adheres toward an outer surface of a lateral condyle of the femur by ultrasonically vibrating the treating portion; forming tunnels between the concave hole of the tibia and the medial side of the rough surface of the tibia using the concave hole of the tibia and between the concave hole of the femur and the lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur using the concave hole of the femur.

Abstract: An elbow joint surgical treatment includes transmitting an ultrasonic vibration to a treating portion of an ultrasonic device to excise the treated object region of the synovial membrane, and bringing the treating portion of the ultrasonic device, used in excising the synovial membrane, to come in contact with an osteophyte positioned in one of a coronoid fossa of a humerus, an olecranon fossa of the humerus, a coronoid process of an ulna, and an olecranon. The surgical treatment includes transmitting an ultrasonic vibration to the treating portion in contact with the osteophyte to remove the osteophyte.