Abstract: Provided is a railway wheel which has excellent toughness even if the C content is as high as 0.80% or more. The chemical composition of the railway wheel of the present embodiment consists of: in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.60%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 0.10 to 1.25%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Al: 0.010 to 0.650%, and N: 0.0030 to 0.0200%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and wherein, in a microstructure of the web part of the railway wheel, an area fraction of pearlite is 85.0% or more, an area fraction of pro-eutectoid cementite is 0.90 to 15.00%, and an average value of a width W of the pro-eutectoid cementite defined by Formula (3) is less than 0.70 ?m: W=½×(P/2?((P/2)2?4A)1/2)??(3) where, in Formula (3), A is an area (?m2) of the pro-eutectoid cementite, and P is a circumference length (?m) of the pro-eutectoid cementite.

Abstract: A crankshaft with improved fatigue strength and machinability is provided. The crankshaft includes a pin and journal, having a chemical composition of, in mass %: 0.40 to 0.60% C; 0.01 to 1.50% Si; 0.4 to 2.0% Mn; 0.01 to 0.50% Cr; 0.20 to 0.50% Al; 0.001 to 0.02% N; up to 0.03% P; 0.005 to 0.20% S; 0.005 to 0.060% Nb; 0 to 0.060% Ti; and balance Fe and impurities, wherein, for each of the pin and journal, the hardness measured at a position at a depth of ¼ of the diameter from the surface is higher than HV 245, the microstructure at that position is mainly composed of ferrite/pearlite, and the fraction of ferrite is not lower than 16%.

Abstract: The railway wheel according to the present embodiment has a chemical composition consisting of: in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15%, Si: 0.45% or less, Mn: 0.10 to 0.85%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Al: 0.200 to 1.500%, N: 0.0200% or less, Nb: 0.005 to 0.050%, Cr: 0 to 0.25%, and V: 0 to 0.12%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, wherein at least in the microstructure of the rim part and the web part, the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite defined by Formula (1) is 2.00 pieces/100 ?m or less: Amount of pro-eutectoid cementite(pieces/100 ?m)=a total sum of the number of pieces of pro-eutectoid cementite which intersect with two diagonal lines in a square visual field of 200 ?m×200 ?m/(5.66×100 ?m)×100??(1).

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a plurality of devices, each of the plurality of devices includes a monitoring unit configured to monitor at least one other device to detect an error that has occurred in the other device, and each of the plurality of devices is monitored by at least one other device.

Abstract: A crankshaft with improved seizure resistance is provided. A crankshaft (10) is a crankshaft including journals (11) and pins (12), having a chemical composition of, in mass %: 0.35 to 0.40 % C; up to 0.70 % Si; 1.00 to 2.00 % Mn; up to 0.50 % Cr; up to 0.050 % Al; up to 0.020 % N; up to 0.020 % P; 0.005 to 0.200 % S; and balance Fe and impurities, each of the journals (11) and pins (12) having a surface microstructure containing tempered martensite in not less than 80 volume % and a surface hardness not higher than HV 450.

Abstract: A railway wheel having, in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 0.10 to 1.25%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Al: 0.025 to 0.650%, N: 0.0030 to 0.0200%, Cr: 0 to 0.60%, and V: 0 to 0.12%, with the balance being Fe and impurities. The railway wheel has a hub part, a rim part including a tread and a flange, and a web part disposed between the hub part and the rim part. The area fraction of pearlite in the hub, web, and rim parts is 95% or more, and the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite is not more than 1.0 pieces/100 ?m. The amount of pro-eutectoid cementite is calculated as (pieces/100 ?m)=a total sum of the number of pieces of pro-eutectoid cementite which intersect with two diagonal lines in a square visual field of 200 ?m×200 ?m/(5.66×100 ?m).

Abstract: A plant control system and communication method are capable of immediately dealing with wrong address settings created due to a human error during the execution of an opening procedure. In the plant control system, a higher-level device and a plurality of communication terminal devices are connected to each other through a communication path. Prior to the start of communication, a communication opening process of sequentially transmitting a call signal from the higher-level device to the terminal devices and acknowledging response signals therefrom is executed, which is followed by sequentially transmitting a call signal from the higher-level device to the terminal devices and receiving response signals from the terminal devices. The communication terminal devices compare addresses of the response signals returned from the other terminal devices to the higher-level device against an address set for local terminal devices. If a duplicate address exists, communication from the local terminal device is locked.

Abstract: A crankshaft with improved seizure resistance is provided. A crankshaft includes a journal and a pin, each of the journal and pin having such a surface geometry that the arithmetical mean height of the primary profile, Pa, is 0.090 ?m or smaller and the reduced peak height Rpk is 0.070 ?m or smaller. As used herein, arithmetical mean height of a primary profile Pa is defined in JIS B 0601 (2001), and reduced peak height Rpk is defined in JIS B 0671 (2002).

Abstract: There is provided a sintered friction material for railway vehicles that has excellent frictional properties and wear resistance even in a high speed range of 280 km/hour or more. The sintered friction material for railway vehicles is a green compact sintered material containing, in mass %, Cu: 50.0 to 75.0%, graphite: 5.0 to 15.0%, one or more selected from the group consisting of magnesia, zircon sand, silica, zirconia, mullite, and silicon nitride: 1.5 to 15.0%, one or more selected from the group consisting of W and Mo: 3.0 to 30.0%, and one or more selected from the group consisting of ferrochromium, ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum, and stainless steel: 2.0 to 20.0%, with the balance being impurities.

Abstract: A railway wheel in which formation of a quenched layer can be suppressed in the production process is provided. The railway wheel according to the present embodiment has a chemical composition consisting of, in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 0.10 to 1.20%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Al: 0.005 to 0.190%, N: 0.0200% or less, Nb: 0.005 to 0.050%, Cr: 0 to 0.25%, and V: 0 to 0.12%, with the balance being Fe and impurities. In the microstructure of a rim part of the railway wheel, an area fraction of pro-eutectoid cementite is 0.1 to 1.5% and an area fraction of pearlite is 95.0% or more.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a communication unit, a power supply unit, a temperature monitoring unit, and a control unit. The communication unit communicates with an additional apparatus. The power supply unit supplies power to components mounted in the communication apparatus. The temperature monitoring unit monitors a temperature in the communication apparatus to detect presence or absence of a temperature abnormality. In a case where the temperature monitoring unit detects the temperature abnormality, the control unit performs power supply stop processing of stopping the power supply from the power supply unit to at least some of the components. Furthermore, the control unit stops or decreases communication of the communication unit in a case where the temperature monitoring unit detects the temperature abnormality.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a plurality of devices, each of the devices includes a monitoring unit that monitors at least one other device and detects an error that has occurred in the other device, and if an error is detected by the monitoring unit, the device performs a device reset indicating a reset of the operating state of the other device by the monitoring unit or a power source reset indicating a reset of the supply of electric power to the communication apparatus by a chain-of-command unit included in the device.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a plurality of devices, each of the plurality of devices includes a monitoring unit configured to monitor at least one other device to detect an error that has occurred in the other device, and each of the plurality of devices is monitored by at least one other device.

Abstract: There is provided a brake lining for a railway vehicle that can reduce brake squeal in braking. A brake lining for a railway vehicle is used for a disc brake system of a railway vehicle. This brake lining includes a base plate, a sintered friction material, and a friction material supporting mechanism. The friction material supporting mechanism is disposed between the base plate and the sintered friction material and supports the sintered friction material in such a manner that the sintered friction material can move with respect to the base plate. The sintered friction material has a Young's modulus of 35.0 GPa or more.

Abstract: A sintered friction material is formed by pressure sintering mixed powder at 800° C. or above, the mixed powder consisting of, in mass %, Cu and/or Cu alloy: 40.0 to 80.0%, Ni: 0% or more and less than 5.0%, Sn: 0 to 10.0%, Zn: 0 to 10.0%, VC: 0.5 to 5.0%, Fe and/or Fe alloy: 2.0 to 40.0%, lubricant: 5.0 to 30.0%, metal oxide and/or metal nitride: 1.5 to 30.0%, and the balance being impurity.

Abstract: A railway wheel is capable of suppressing formation of pro-eutectoid cementite even if the C content is high. The railway wheel has a chemical composition consisting of: in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15%; Si: 0.45% or less; Mn: 0.10 to 0.85%; P: 0.050% or less; S: 0.030% or less; Al: 0.120 to 0.650%; N: 0.0030 to 0.0200%; Cr: 0 to 0.25%; and V: 0 to 0.12%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, wherein an amount of pro-eutectoid cementite, which is defined by Formula (1), in a microstructure of the railway wheel is not more than 1.50 pieces/100 ?m: Amount of pro-eutectoid cementite (pieces/100=a total sum of the number of pieces of pro-eutectoid cementite which intersect with two diagonal lines in a square visual field of 200 ?m×200 ?m/(5.66×100 ?m) (1).

Abstract: A plant control system and communication method are capable of immediately dealing with wrong address settings created due to a human error during the execution of an opening procedure. In the plant control system, a higher-level device and a plurality of communication terminal devices are connected to each other through a communication path. Prior to the start of communication, a communication opening process of sequentially transmitting a call signal from the higher-level device to the terminal devices and acknowledging response signals therefrom is executed, which is followed by sequentially transmitting a call signal from the higher-level device to the terminal devices and receiving response signals from the terminal devices. The communication terminal devices compare addresses of the response signals returned from the other terminal devices to the higher-level device against an address set for local terminal devices. If a duplicate address exists, communication from the local terminal device is locked.

Abstract: The chemical composition of the railway wheel of the present embodiment consists of: in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.60%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 0.10 to 1.25%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Al: 0.010 to 0.650%, and N: 0.0030 to 0.0200%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and wherein, in a microstructure of the web part of the railway wheel, an area fraction of pearlite is 85.0% or more, an area fraction of pro-eutectoid cementite is 0.90 to 15.00%, and an average value of a width W of the pro-eutectoid cementite defined by Formula (1) is less than 0.70 ?m: W=½×(P/2?((P/2)2?4A)1/2)??(1) where, in Formula (1), A is an area (?m2) of the pro-eutectoid cementite, and P is a circumference length (?m) of the pro-eutectoid cementite.

Abstract: A fiber module (1B) according to the present disclosure includes an input-side optical fiber (11), an output-side optical fiber (12), a ferrule (20) in which the input-side optical fiber and the output-side optical fiber are insertable in both ends and a groove (32) is formed in a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction (D1) in the middle of the longitudinal direction, a dielectric multilayer film filter (30) inserted in the groove, and an input-side GI fiber (15) and an output-side GI fiber (16) joined by fusion to respective terminal portions of the input-side optical fiber and the output-side optical fiber. The dielectric multilayer film filter is interposed between an end surface (15f) of the input-side GI fiber and an end surface (16f) of the output-side GI fiber in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: The railway wheel according to the present embodiment has a chemical composition consisting of: in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15%, Si: 0.45% or less, Mn: 0.10 to 0.85%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Al: 0.200 to 1.500%, N: 0.0200% or less, Nb: 0.005 to 0.050%, Cr: 0 to 0.25%, and V: 0 to 0.12%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, wherein at least in the microstructure of the rim part and the web part, the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite defined by Formula (1) is 2.00 pieces/100 ?m or less: Amount of pro-eutectoid cementite (pieces/100 ?m)=a total sum of the number of pieces of pro-eutectoid cementite which intersect with two diagonal lines in a square visual field of 200 ?m×200 ?m/(5.