Abstract: An object of the present invention is suppressing a mail transmission loop between the communication terminals.

Abstract: The present invention can reduce anxiety or discomfort of a sender of a mail, even when a user of a mobile terminal having received the mail is unaware of being in a state that sending a reply mail is impossible. A mobile terminal according to the present invention includes: transmitting and receiving unit for receiving an incoming mail from a transmitter; state determining unit for acquiring information indicating a state of a user and determining based on the information indicating the state of the user whether sending a reply mail is possible or not when the mail transmitting and receiving unit receives the incoming mail; mail creating unit for creating a reply mail with a given content when the state determining unit determines that sending a reply mail is impossible; and mail transmitting unit for transmitting the reply mail created by the mail creating unit to the transmitter.

Abstract: Information transmission requests are delivered to communication terminals existing in a specific area, to collect information held in the communication terminals, without inducing congestion. In an information collecting device included in an information collecting system, terminal information and capacity information are acquired based on base station identifying information, and information of an information amount of collected information is further acquired based on a collected information type that identifies a type of the collected information. In an information collection controlling unit, transmission timing information, designating the timing at which a capacity of performing communication via a base station is not exceeded, is generated based on the terminal information, the information-amount information and the capacity information, and an information transmission request including the transmission timing information is delivered to a communication terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical member for splitting or combining luminous flux, the optical member including a base body made of a transparent material originally having an internal transmittance of approximately 100%. The base body includes a colored portion which is formed in an entire interior of the base body or on at least one of a light entrance plane and a light exit plane of the base body, whereby the internal transmittance of the optical member is reduced when the luminous flux to be used for observation and examination is split or combined by the optical member. Accordingly, the optical member can reduce the generation of ghost images caused by reflection of the luminous flux by a back plane of the optical member. Also disclosed are an observation apparatus and an examination apparatus for observing or examining an object by means of the luminous flux split or combined by the above optical member.

Abstract: A four-way change-over valve for an air conditioner has first to fourth piping holes sequentially arranged on a concentric circle at a predetermined pitch in a planar portion of a valve seat formed in a thick disk shape as one portion of a valve case. The change-over valve also has a rotary valve rotatably arranged on an upper face of this valve seat and having at least one communicating groove for independently connecting two adjacent piping holes of the four piping holes to each other. Cooling and heating operations of the air conditioner are switched by rotating the rotary valve. A service valve with a four-way change-over valve for an air conditioner is characterized in that both service valves on liquid and gas sides of a refrigerant circuit are integrated with each other and are further integrated with the four-way change-over valve as one valve unit with one valve seat as a common valve seat.

Abstract: A four-way change-over valve for an air conditioner has first to fourth piping holes sequentially arranged on a concentric circle at a predetermined pitch in a planar portion of a valve seat formed in a thick disk shape as one portion of a valve case. The change-over valve also has a rotary valve rotatably arranged on an upper face of this valve seat and having at least one communicating groove for independently connecting two adjacent piping holes of the four piping holes to each other. Cooling and heating operations of the air conditioner are switched by rotating the rotary valve. A service valve with a four-way change-over valve for an air conditioner is characterized in that both service valves on liquid and gas sides of a refrigerant circuit are integrated with each other and are further integrated with the four-way change-over valve as one valve unit with one valve seat as a common valve seat.